Table 5.

Independent-samples t-test for the COVID affected group and the COVID unaffected group (M ± SD).

	Group 1	Group 2	t
Perceived stress	11.44 ± 3.43	10.03 ± 3.36	4.84⁎⁎⁎
Rumination	40.79 ± 10.53	35.16 ± 9,85	6.40⁎⁎⁎
Self-control	38.29 ± 4.35	37.16 ± 5.17	2.70⁎⁎
Mobile phone addiction	36.92 ± 8.18	32.84 ± 9.26⁎	5.35⁎⁎⁎

Note. Group 1 = COVID affected group, Group 2 = COVID unaffected group.

^⁎p < 0.05.

^⁎⁎p < 0.01.

^⁎⁎⁎p < 0.001.