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. 2021 Jun 19;40(9):1631–1646. doi: 10.1007/s00299-021-02707-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — Effects of MVK on gene expression, stress response and cardenolide content in Digitalis lanata WT and Dl P5βR-RNAi knockdown shoots. a–c The relative RNA expression levels were calculated using the qPCR method by applying the 2^−ΔΔCT method with actin as the reference gene. The y axis denotes the normalized relative transcript accumulation of genes indicated at the top. X axis describes the MVK treatment conditions. Means ± SEM are shown (n = 3). Relative gene expression of glutathione S-transferase (GST) (a), P5βR1 (b) and P5βR2 (c), in D. lanata WT and Dl P5βR-RNAi knockdown shoots. d Quantification of digoxigenin and digitoxigenin in D. lanata WT and Dl P5βR-RNAi knockdown shoots treated with 2 µmol/L air volume MVK. Results are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 3)