Rates of adolescent male-initiated aggression (box plots) directed toward adult females who were (1) cycling and maximally swollen, (2) cycling but not maximally swollen, or (3) non-cycling. The plot contains 16 females represented in at least three dyads with adolescent males in each reproductive state, and 20 females represented in at least three dyads with adult males in each reproductive state. Rates of adolescent male aggression were significantly lower against cycling, maximally swollen females than against cycling but not maximally swollen females (paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test: V = 598, p < 0.001, N = 95 dyads) or non-cycling females (V = 608, p < 0.001, N = 88). Rates of adolescent male aggression did not differ between the latter two reproductive states (V = 2392, p = 0.535, N = 101)