Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Aug 18.
Published in final edited form as: Neuron. 2021 Jul 5;109(16):2535–2544.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.06.008

Figure 1. Psilocybin increases the density and size of dendritic spines in the mouse medial frontal cortex.

Figure 1.

(A) Head-twitch responses as a function of dose, tested on 82 C57BL/6J mice. (B) Time course of head-twitch responses after administrating psilocybin (1 mg/kg, i.p.), averaged from 2 males and 2 female C57BL/6J mice. Line, moving average. (C) Timeline for the learned helplessness assay. (D) The proportion of escape failure for all animals in Test 1 and Test 2, i.e., before and after psilocybin (1 mg/kg, i.p.), ketamine (10 mg/kg, i.p.), and saline administration. (E) The change in escape failure, from Test 1 to Test 2, for susceptible animals for psilocybin, ketamine, and saline treatments. (F) Imaging setup. (G) Fixed coronal section from Thy1GFP mice. (H) Timeline for the longitudinal imaging study. (I) Example field of view. (J) Effects of psilocybin or saline treatment on spine density, plotted as fold-change from baseline value on Day -3. Mean ± SEM. (K, L) Similar to (J), plotted separately for females and males. (M–O) Similar to (J–L) for spine head width. Sample sizes and details of the statistical analyses are provided in Table S1. See also Figure S1.