Table 4.

Adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) for association between syndemic conditions and incident cardiovascular disease by HIV status

Total sample
Number of conditions	Age-adjusted incidence rate	HR (95% CI)	p
0 Conditions	18.2 (16.2, 20.2)	1·0 (ref)
1 Condition	23.6 (21.4, 25.8)	1.34 (1.16, 1.55)	< 0.001
≥ 2 Conditions	25.2 (22.5, 27.8)	1.55 (1.32, 1.83)	< 0.001
HIV-uninfected
Number of conditions	Age-adjusted incidence rate	HR (95% CI)	p
0 Conditions	14.8 (12.3, 17.3)	1·0 (ref)
1 Condition	21.1 (18.1, 24)	1.48 (1.2, 1.83)	< 0.001
≥ 2 Conditions	24.1 (20.6, 27.7)	1.82 (1.43, 2.33)	< 0.001

HIV-infected
Number of conditions	Age-adjusted incidence rate	HR (95% CI)	p	HR (95% CI)	p
		With baseline viral load and CD4 count		With time-updated viral load
0 Conditions	21.7 (18.5, 24.8)	1·0 (ref)		1·0 (ref)
1 Condition	26.0 (22.6, 29.3)	1.22 (1.00, 1.48)	0.048	1.21 (1.00, 1.48)	0.054
≥ 2 Conditions	26.2 (22.2, 30.1)	1.37 (1.09, 1.72)	0.007	1.34 (1.07, 1.68)	0.012

CI confidence interval, % percentage, HR hazards ratio, ref reference, Conditions refers to unhealthy alcohol use, cigarette smoking, and depressive symptoms

Incidence rates per 1000 person-years

All models adjusted for baseline age, race/ethnicity, education, cardiovascular disease risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and obesity), Hepatitis C infection, hemoglobin, eGFR, PTSD, illicit drug use, and OUD. In models with the full sample, HIV status was included for adjustment. In models with only HIV-infected patients, HIV-1 RNA viral load and CD4 + T-cell count were included for adjustment