Table 2.
Distribution of sociodemographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and 2014 outcomes by 2013 frailty status among eligible Medicare beneficiaries with active management of Parkinson disease (PD) (n=62,786)
| Characteristic | Non-Frail* (n=67) |
Prefrail* (n=28,011) |
Mildly Frail (n=29,009) |
Moderately Frail† (n=5,495) |
Severely Frail† (n=204) |
p-value (Chi-Squared test) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, n (Col %) | <0.0001 | |||||
| Male | 16,444 (58.6) | 14,328 (49.4) | 2,333 (42.5) | 73 (35.8) | ||
| Female | 11,634 (41.4) | 14,681 (50.6) | 3,162 (57.5) | 131 (64.2) | ||
| Age Category, n (Col %) | <0.0001 | |||||
| 65-74 years | 10,798 (38.5) | 6,467 (22.3) | 729 (13.3) | 28 (13.7) | ||
| 75-84 years | 13,321 (47.4) | 14,288 (49.3) | 2,489 (45.3) | 92 (45.1) | ||
| ≥85 Years | 3,959 (14.1) | 8,254 (28.5) | 2,277 (41.4) | 84 (41.2) | ||
| Race, n (Col %) | 0.0095 | |||||
| White | 26,827 (95.5) | 27,817 (95.9) | 5,464 (95.9) | |||
| Black | 445 (1.6) | 496 (1.7) | 105 (1.8) | |||
| Other/Missing | 806 (2.9) | 696 (2.4) | 130 (2.3) | |||
| Residence, n (Col %) | <0.0001 | |||||
| Metropolitan | 51 (76.1) | 20,997 (75.0) | 22,702 (78.3) | 4,600 (83.7) | 172 (84.3) | |
| Non-Metropolitan | 16 (23.9) | 7,014 (25.0) | 6,307 (21.7) | 895 (16.3) | 32 (15.7) | |
| PD Status, n (Col %) | <0.0001 | |||||
| Incident | 11 (16.4) | 4,664 (16.7) | 6,565 (22.6) | 1,682 (30.6) | 83 (40.7) | |
| Prevalent | 56 (83.6) | 23,347 (83.4) | 22,444 (77.4) | 3,813 (69.4) | 121 (59.3) | |
| Neurologist Care, n (Col %) | <0.0001 | |||||
| Yes | 24,041 (85.6) | 23,167 (79.9) | 4,161 (75.7) | 160 (78.4) | ||
| No | 4,037 (14.4) | 5,842 (20.1) | 1,334 (24.3) | 44 (21.6) | ||
| Nursing Facility Residence, n (Col %) | <0.0001 | |||||
| Yes | 448 (1.6) | 4,349 (15.0) | 3,325 (60.5) | 185 (90.7) | ||
| No | 27,630 (98.4) | 24,660 (85.0) | 2,170 (39.5) | 19 (9.3) | ||
| DBS, n (Col %) | 0.0077 | |||||
| Yes | 877 (3.1) | 968 (3.3) | 141 (2.5) | |||
| No | 27,201 (96.9) | 28,041 (96.7) | 5,558 (97.5) | |||
| Combined Comorbidity Score, Median (IQR) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (1.00) | 2.0 (3.00) | 5.0 (4.00) | 8.0 (3.00) | <0.0001 § |
| Mean Daily LED, Median (IQR) | 400 (450) | 439 (390) | 400 (337) | 334 (354) | 304 (296) | <0.0001 § |
| Death, n (Col %) | 1,276 (4.5) | 3,593 (12.4) | 1,518 (27.6) | 84 (41.2) | <0.0001 | |
| Hospitalization, n (Col %) | 5,081 (18.1) | 9,395 (32.4) | 2,475 (45.0) | 117 (57.4) | <0.0001 | |
| Emergency Department Visit, n (Col %) | 13 (19.4) | 9,440 (33.7) | 15,176 (52.3) | 3,506 (63.8) | 153 (75.0) | <0.0001 |
| Injury, n (Col %) ‡ | 2,461 (9.4) | 4,108 (16.3) | 917 (22.1) | 24 (17.3) | <0.0001 | |
DBS=Deep Brain Stimulation, LED=Levodopa Equivalent Dose
*
To avoid violating Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services cell suppression policy (no cells ≤10), these groups were combined for some characteristics
†
To avoid violating Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services cell suppression policy (no cells ≤10), these groups were combined for some characteristics
‡
Out of subset sample restricted to individuals with any PD claim in 2014 (n=55,568)
§
Kruskal-Wallis Test