Table 3.

Associations 2013 categorical frailty and 2014 outcomes among eligible Medicare beneficiaries with active management of Parkinson disease (PD) (n=62,786)

2014 Outcome	2013 Frailty Category	Crude 2014 Incidence per 1,000 beneficiaries	Model 1*	Model 2*	Model 3*
			OR (95%CI)	AOR (95%CI)	AOR (95%CI)
Death
	Non-Frail/Prefrail	45	1.00 (REF)	1.00 (REF)	1.00 (REF)
	Mildly Frail	124	2.97 (2.78, 3.17)	2.47 (2.31, 2.64)	1.74 (1.62, 1.88)
	Moderately Frail	276	8.02 (7.39, 8.70)	6.06 (5.56, 6.59)	2.38 (2.13, 2.66)
	Severely Frail	412	14.70 (11.06, 19.54)	11.94 (8.89, 16.05)	2.74 (1.98, 3.78)
Hospitalization
	Non-Frail/Prefrail	181	1.00	1.00	1.00
	Mildly Frail	324	2.17 (2.09, 2.25)	2.05 (1.97, 2.13)	1.69 (1.62, 1.77)
	Moderately Frail	450	3.71 (3.49, 3.94)	3.37 (3.17, 3.59)	2.03 (1.88, 2.20)
	Severely Frail	574	6.09 (4.60, 8.05)	5.58 (4.21, 7.38)	2.34 (1.74, 3.14)
Emergency Department Visit
	Non-Frail/Prefrail	337	1.00	1.00	1.00
	Mildly Frail	523	2.16 (2.09, 2.24)	2.02 (1.95, 2.09)	1.78 (1.71, 1.84)
	Moderately Frail	638	3.47 (3.27, 3.69)	3.09 (2.91, 3.29)	2.26 (2.09, 2.44)
	Severely Frail	750	5.90 (4.29, 8.11)	5.25 (3.82, 7.23)	2.97 (2.14, 4.13)
Injury †
	Non-Frail/Prefrail	94	1.00	1.00	1.00
	Mildly Frail	163	1.87 (1.77, 1.97)	1.68 (1.59, 1.77)	1.62 (1.53, 1.72)
	Moderately Frail	221	2.72 (2.50, 2.96)	2.25 (2.06, 2.46)	2.09 (1.87, 2.33)
	Severely Frail	173	2.00 (1.29, 3.12)	1.64 (1.05, 2.56)	1.43 (0.90, 2.26)

Model 1: Unadjusted

Model 2: Adjusted for sex, age category, race, and residence

Model 3: Adjusted for sex, age category, race, residence, PD status, neurologist care, nursing facility residence, deep brain stimulation, Combined Comorbidity Score, and mean daily levodopa equivalent dosage

^*P-value for linear trend for all analyses was <0.0001

^†Out of subset sample restricted to individuals with any PD claim in 2014 (n=55,568)