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. 2021 Aug 19;4:933. doi: 10.1038/s42003-021-02448-9

Fig. 4. Knockout of FDH induced the accumulation of systemic formaldehyde and motor deficits.

Fig. 4

a Metabolic pathways of formaldehyde including: formaldehyde generation by sarcosine dehydrogenase (SARDH), semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO), and alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (ADH1); and degradation by formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH). SA sarcosine, MA methylamine, MeOH methanol, FA formaldehyde. b Technology roadmap of making FDH−/− mice by using the CRISPR/Cas9 method to delete the exons- 5 and 6. c FDH−/− mice identified by RT-PCR (target band, 1.43 kb). WT wild-type mice, FDH−/− the FDH-knockout mice. d Cerebellar formaldehyde quantified by an in vitro small animal imaging system (n = 6). e Formaldehyde levels in the muscle and cerebellum detected by Fluo-HPLC (n = 3). Fluo-HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector. f Motor behaviors assessed by the accelerating rotarod test (n = 9). HU hindlimb unloading. g Motor functions evaluated by the beam walking test (n = 8). Error bars show the mean ± SEM; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.