Table 4.
Logistic regression analysis of relationship between tobacco/cannabis use frequency at age 15–17, 20–24 and 29, and small for gestational age in 1030 children born to 665 parents (OR = odds ratio, CI = confidence interval).
| Preconception substance use | Offspring small for gestational age | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusteda | |||||
| OR | (95% CI) | p | OR | (95% CI) | p | |
| Parent age 15–17 years | ||||||
| Tobacco use | ||||||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Occasional/weekly | 0.66 | (0.28–1.58) | 0.35 | 0.62 | (0.24–1.59) | 0.32 |
| Daily | 1.31 | (0.67–2.54) | 0.43 | 1.39 | (0.59–3.27) | 0.46 |
| Cannabis use | ||||||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Occasional/weekly | 1.07 | (0.57–2.02) | 0.84 | 0.99 | (0.45–2.19) | 0.98 |
| Daily | 1.16 | (0.20–6.87) | 0.87 | 0.82 | (0.10–6.52) | 0.85 |
| Parent age 20–24 years | ||||||
| Tobacco use | ||||||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Occasional/weekly | 0.83 | (0.31–2.22) | 0.71 | 0.94 | (0.33–2.68) | 0.90 |
| Daily | 1.09 | (0.58–2.06) | 0.78 | 0.97 | (0.36–2.60) | 0.96 |
| Cannabis use | ||||||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Occasional/weekly | 0.68 | (0.36–1.28) | 0.23 | 0.64 | (0.30–1.37) | 0.25 |
| Daily | 2.06 | (0.84–5.06) | 0.12 | 1.90 | (0.57–6.25) | 0.29 |
| Parent age 29 years | ||||||
| Tobacco use | ||||||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Occasional/weekly | 1.80 | (0.66–4.94) | 0.25 | 2.50 | (0.82–7.62) | 0.11 |
| Daily | 1.64 | (0.84–3.21) | 0.15 | 1.94 | (0.81–4.68) | 0.14 |
| Cannabis use | ||||||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Occasional/weekly | 1.12 | (0.51–2.49) | 0.77 | 0.97 | (0.33–2.81) | 0.95 |
| Daily | 2.33 | (0.79–6.89) | 0.13 | 1.91 | (0.52–7.03) | 0.33 |
aAll adjusted models adjusted for baseline/adolescent covariates: parent sex, offspring sex, family SES, grandparent education level, grandparent smoking status, adolescent mental health, and concurrent use of cannabis for models where tobacco is the exposure and vice versa. Adjusted models at age 20–24 years also include adjustment for frequency of use of the substance at age 15–17 years. Adjusted models at age 29 years models also include adjustment for frequency of use of the substance at age 15–17 and age 20–24 years.