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. 2021 Aug 19;11:16858. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-96503-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Photo images of culture solution of P. aeruginosa in the Cooper’s medium. Every photo image shows culture solution of P. aeruginosa cultured in from the left, nanobubbles-free medium, oxygen nanobubbles medium and carbon dioxide nanobubbles medium. (a) Culture solution just after the start of cultivation. (b) Culture solution after 24 h cultivation. (c) Culture solution after 36 h cultivation. (d) Culture solution after 48 h cultivation. (e) Culture solution after 60 h cultivation. (f) Culture solution after 72 h cultivation. (g) Culture solution after 84 h cultivation.