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. 2021 Aug 19;12:5045. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-25188-0

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Illustrative FNA image from preoperative mediastinal staging by EBUS in NEOSTAR NIF patient did not demonstrate granulomatous inflammation within examined nodes (station 4 L pictured; Papanicolaou, x20). b Resected nodal specimen in NEOSTAR NIF patient following ICIs demonstrating a diffuse non-caseating granulomatous inflammatory reaction (station 11 R pictured; hematoxylin and eosin, x10). c Illustrative FNA image from preoperative mediastinal staging by EBUS in ICON No-NIF patient did not demonstrate granulomatous inflammation within examined nodes (station 7 pictured; Papanicolaou, x20). d Resected nodal specimen following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in a patient with No-NIF from ICON cohort with the absence of diffuse non-caseating granulomatous inflammatory reaction (station 7 pictured; hematoxylin and eosin, x4). e Proportions of patients with NIF, characterized by abnormal nodes on imaging that are devoid of cancer and contain de novo non-caseating granulomas in NEOSTAR (n = 44) and ICON (n = 28) patient cohorts. The red bars depict the proportions of patients with NIF. Analyses related to the presented micrographs were conducted once. NIF, nodal immune flare; ICIs, immune checkpoint inhibitors; ICON, ImmunogenomiC prOfiling in NSCLC; EBUS, endobronchial ultrasound; FNA, fine needle aspiration. Source data for panel (e) are provided as a Source Data file.