Table 1.
Demographic and clinical data of all patients
| Characteristic | Category | Total patients | Patients with symptomatic failure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 246 (100.0) | 14 (5.7) | |
| Age (yr) | 58.8±11.7 | 57.7±7.2 | |
| Gender | Male | 127 (51.6) | 8 (57.1) |
| Female | 119 (48.4) | 6 (42.9) | |
| Primary tumor | Lung | 68 (27.6) | 4 (28.6) |
| Breast | 41 (16.7) | 4 (28.6) | |
| Renal | 23 (9.3) | 3 (21.4) | |
| Prostate | 22 (8.9) | 1 (7.1) | |
| Nasopharynx | 10 (4.1) | 1 (7.2) | |
| Cervix | 9 (3.7) | 1 (7.2) | |
| Others | 73 (29.7) | 1 (7.1) (thyroid) | |
| Type of lesion | Sclerotic | 29 (11.8) | 1 (7.1) |
| Lytic | 163 (66.3) | 10 (71.4) | |
| Mixed | 54 (22.0) | 3 (21.5) | |
| SINS | <7 (deemed stable) | 26 (10.6) | 0 |
| 7–12 (indeterminate) | 178 (72.4) | 9 (64.3) | |
| >12 (deemed unstable) | 42 (17.1) | 5 (35.7) | |
| Preoperative ECOG scores | 0–2 | 46 (18.7) | 11 (78.5) |
| 3–4 | 200 (81.3) | 3 (21.4) | |
| Level of vertebra affected | Cervical | 22 (8.9) | 1 (7.2) |
| Cervical-thoracic | 18 (7.3) | 1 (7.2) | |
| Thoracic | 106 (43.1) | 5 (35.7) | |
| Thoracolumbar | 32 (13.0) | 3 (21.4) | |
| Lumbar | 52 (21.1) | 3 (21.4) | |
| Lumbosacral | 6 (2.4) | - | |
| Multiple regions involved | 10 (4.1) | 1 (7.1) | |
| Instrumented levels | Cervical | 12 (4.3) | - |
| Cervical-thoracic | 42 (17.1) | 3 (21.5) | |
| Thoracic | 73 (29.7) | 1 (7.1) | |
| Thoracolumbar | 83 (33.7) | 8 (57.2) | |
| Lumbar | 15 (6.1) | - | |
| Lumbosacral/thoraco-lumbo-sacral | 20 (8.1) | 2 (14.3) | |
| Junctional or non-junctional fixations | Junctional fixation | 145 (58.9) | 13 (92.8) |
| Non-junctional fixation | 101 (41.1) | 1 (7.1) | |
| Skip instrumentation length | 0 | 53 (21.5) | 7 (50) |
| 1 | 90 (36.6) | 4 (28.5) | |
| 2 | 55 (22.4) | 1 (7.2) | |
| ≥3 | 48 (19.5) | 2 (14.3) | |
| Construct length | <6 | 92 (37.4) | 6 (42.8) |
| 6–9 | 123 (49.3) | 7 (50.0) | |
| >9 | 31 (12.6) | 1 (7.2) | |
| MIS or open approach | MIS | 49 (19.9) | 4 (28.6) |
| Open | 194 (78.9) | 10 (71.4) |
Values are presented as number (%) or mean±standard deviation. A p-value from Likelihood ratio test.
SINS, Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score; ECOG, Eastern Cooperation Oncology Group; MIS, minimally invasive surgery.