Table 3.
Various psychological evaluation Mann-Whitney U-test in normal group/abnormal group
| Variable | Group | No. | RDQ | JOABPEQ |
ZCQ |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pain related disorder | Lumbar dysfunction | Lumbar dysfunction | Social life dysfunction | Physical function | Severity of symptoms | ||||
| SRQ-D ≤10 | Normal | 206 | 10.8±6.6 | 51.6±31.7 | 62.1±28.2 | 35±25.2 | 39.4±20.8 | 3.3 | 0.4 |
| SRQ-D >11 | Abnormal | 126 | 14.8±4.4** | 28.8±28.4** | 43.4±27.6** | 22.2±19.1** | 27.2±19.2** | 3.6** | 0.2** |
| PCS total ≤32 | Normal | 161 | 11.5±7.3 | 45.2±33.3 | 58.6±29.4 | 35.1±25.2 | 38±22.3 | 3.4 | 1.4 |
| PCS total >33 | Abnormal | 169 | 3.1±4.8* | 39.2±30.3 | 52.1±28.9* | 26.1±21.9** | 31.7±18.8* | 3.5* | 0.3* |
| PASS-20 (escape/avoidance) ≤15 | Normal | 227 | 11.5±6.4 | 46.5±31.7 | 59.4±28.2 | 32.7±23.6 | 38±20.5 | 3.4 | 0.3 |
| PASS-20 (escape/avoidance) >16 | Abnormal | 87 | 14.4±5** | 30.9±29.9** | 43.7±29.1** | 24.3±24.1* | 26.3±19.8** | 3.6* | 0.3 |
| PASS-20 (fear) ≤15 | Normal | 219 | 11.3±5.2 | 44.9±32.5 | 58.6±29 | 32±23.1 | 37±21 | 3.4 | 0.3 |
| PASS-20 (fear) >16 | Abnormal | 95 | 4.6±7.6* | 36.4±29.9* | 47.2±28.4* | 26.7±25.6* | 30±20* | 3.6* | 0.3 |
| HADS anxiety ≤8 | Normal | 207 | 11.6±6.6 | 44.2±32.4 | 59.6±28.5 | 31.8±23.9 | 36.6±20.8 | 3.3 | 0.4 |
| HADS anxiety >9 | Abnormal | 102 | 13.7±5.1 | 38.8±31.3 | 45.3±29** | 27.5±24.4 | 30.4±20.6* | 3.7** | 0.2* |
| HADS depression ≤8 | Normal | 199 | 11.4±6.5 | 48.4±32.1 | 62.1±26.6 | 32.4±23.9 | 38.6±20.6 | 3.3 | 0.4 |
| HADS depression >9 | Abnormal | 110 | 4.1±5.2* | 31.5±29.2** | 41.6±29.8* | 26.6±24.2* | 27.1±19.5** | 3.6** | 0.2* |
| BS-POP for spinal surgery ≤10, ≤8, or ≤15 | Normal | 182 | 11.7±6.7 | 46.6±32.6 | 59.4±28.6 | 31.6±24.8 | 37.8±21.2 | 3.3 | 0.4 |
| BS-POP for spinal surgery >10, >8, or >15 | Abnormal | 140 | 13.1±5.3 | 37.8±31* | 49.8±29.8* | 28.4±22.8 | 31±19.8* | 3.5* | 0.3* |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation, unless otherwise stated.
RDQ, Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire; JOABPEQ, Japanese Orthopedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire; ZCQ, Zurich Claudication Questionnaire; SRQ-D, Self-rating Questionnaire of Depression; PCS, Pain Catastrophizing Scale; PASS-20, Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale-20; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; BS-POP, Brief Scale for Psychiatric Problems in Orthopedic Patients.
*
p<0.05.
**
p<0.01.