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. 2021 Aug 18;13:17588359211039899. doi: 10.1177/17588359211039899

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© The Author(s), 2021

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 1. — Proposed immune-stimulatory properties of certain cytotoxic agents (a) capable of inducing an immunogenic cell death, such as anthracyclines or (b) with immunogenic activity, such as PARP (Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase) inhibitors: PARP inhibition results in (a) accumulation of cytosolic double strand DNA, which (b) activates cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP (guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate) synthetase (cGAS) and (c) the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway. This upregulates (d) type I interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines. This in turn results in (e) increased antigen presenting capacity of dendritic cells (DCs) and CD8+ mediated anti-tumor immune response.