Table 1.
Characteristics of Included Studies.
| No | Authors | Study design | Sample (N) PD | Males, % | Age, Mean | Comorbidities % | Disease duration, mean | Outcomes | PD related symptoms with COVID % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cilia et al10 | Case-control | 12 cases 36 control |
41.7% cases 41.7% controls |
65.5 years cases 66.3 years control |
8.3% COPD 33.3 HTN 8.3% obesity 8.3% cardiopathy 16.7% cancer 8.3% immuno-compromised |
6.3 years cases 6.1 years control |
50% affected by COVID-19 (cases group); 0% affected by COVID-19 in control group, 8.3% hospitalized | Worsening of motor symptoms |
| 2 | Del Prete et al11 | Case-control | 7 cases 14 control |
57.2% cases 57.2% control |
75.7 years cases vs 75 years control | Cases: 71.5% HTN 42.8% diabetes 28.5% cardiomyopathy 14.2% malignancies |
9.3 years cases 8.9 years control |
13% mortality 14% case fatality |
30% worsening |
| 3 | Zhai et al12 | Case report | 2 | 50% | 77.5 | HTN | 22 years | 100% | 100% worsening |
| 4 | Lo Monaco et al13 | Case series | 5 | 66.6% | 74.2 | 20% chronic Renal failure 20% diabetes hypertension |
NA | 20% case fatality | 60% worsening |
| 5 | Fasano et al14 | Case-control survey | 105 | 52.4% | 70.5 | Obesity 18.1% HTN 41.9% COPD 5.6% Diabetes 7.6% Cancer .9% |
9.9 years | 17.1% hospitalized 5.7% mortality |
|
| 6 | Filatov et al15 | Case report | 1 | 74 | Atrial fibrillation Cardioembolic stroke COPD |
NA | ICU hospitalization Poor prognosis |
Encephalopathy | |
| 7 | Brown et al16 | Cross sectional | 51 | 47% | 65 | Immunocompromised 22% Heart Disease 20% HTN 25% Lung disease 14% |
0–3 years, 21 3–6 years, 12 6–9 years, 9 >9 years, 9 |
9.8% hospitalized 3.9% ICU 2%ventilator |
55% worsening 18% new PD symptoms |
| 8 | Kobylecki et al17 | Cohort, observational | 58 | 62.5% | 78.3 | Diabetes 8% HTN 38% |
9.5 | 22.4% Mortality rate | 69% Delirium 54% Dementia |
| 9 | Lo Monaco et al18 | Case report | 1 | 0% | 58 | NA | 8 years | NA | Severe spasms of arms and legs. |
| 10 | Antonini et al19 | Case series | 10 | 60% | 78.3 | Diabetes Orthostatic hypotension CHF COPD Asthma IHD, CKD, dementia, osteoporosis anxiety disorder |
12.7 years | 40% mortality rate | Worsening of mobility with fall Worsening of motor symptoms Worsening of anxiety |
| 11 | Vignatelli et al20 | Cohort | 696 PD 184 parkinsonism control 8590 |
58.8 and PD 57.1 parkinsonism 58.2 control |
75 PD 80.5 PS Control 76.0 |
PD and PS 22.6% cardiomyopathies 14.6% Cerebrovascular disease 8.5% Chronic pulmonary disease 0.3% Liver disease 5%Renal disease 10% DM 8.5% malignancies |
NA | Hospitalization 0.6% PD 3.3% PS 0.7% control Mortality rate 35.1% in all group |
PD: 72.8%Tremor 80.4% Bradykinesia 81.6% Clinical features at onset unilateral PS: 52.5% Tremor 89.2% Bradykinesia 52.5% Clinical features at onset unilateral |
| 12 | Artusi et al21 | Multiple case reports | 8 | 62.5% | 74 | HTN diabetes, depression Lung neoplasm Atrial fibrillation |
12.2 years | 75% mortality rate | 50% worsening of PD symptoms |
| 13 | Santos-García et al22 | Cross-sectional | 15 | 47.1% | 76.3 | 26.7% HTN 20% DM 64.3% dyslipidemia 13.3% cardiomyopathy 6.7% valvular cardiomyopathy 20% cardiac arrhythmia 6.7% cardiac insufficiency 14.3% pulmonary disease 6.7% smoking |
NA | 33.3% Hospitalized | 65.7% worsening of symptoms 47.7% bradykinesia 41.4% sleep problems 40.7% rigidity 34.5% gait disturbances 31.3% anxiety 28.5% pain 28.3% fatigue 27.6% Depression 20.8% tremor |
| 14 | Sainz-Amo et al23 | Case control | Case: 33 Control:172 |
5 59 | Case:75.9 Control: 73.9 |
36% Dementia | Case: 8.9 Control8.5 |
54% hospitalization 21% mortality rate |
NA |
| 15 | Li et al24 | Case report | 1 | Female | 85 | HTN Stroke |
6 years | Worsening motor symptoms. Encephalopathy | |
| 16 | de Marcaida et al25 | Retrospective | 36, 22 PD | 64% | 74.5 | HTN cardiovascular disease, renal disease, diabetes, chronic lung disease, immunosuppression | 16.2 years | 67% hospitalization 36% mortality |
75% Alteration mental status 19% worsening of their Movement abnormality 31% worsening mobility |