Table 3.
Papers on nestin in CNS cancer.
| Authors | Study group | Methodology | Diagnosis | Prognosis | Survival |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arai et al38 | 257 brain tumors, including 71 gliomas and 34 schwannomas | IHC overview | Useful for diagnosis of high-grade gliomas and schwannomas | Poor prognosis in high-grade gliomas | – |
| Hlobilkova et al39 | 66 pts, including 29 low-grade and 37 high-grade astrocytomas | IHC | Nestin expression increased in high-grade group | – | Poor |
| Strojnik et al40 | 87 patients with primary CNS tumors | IHC and real-time PCR | – | Nestin is a strong prognostic marker for glioma malignancy | – |
| Zhang et al41 | 56 low-grade, 69 high-grade gliomas, and 10 normal brain tissues | IHC | – | Nestin can be considered as marker of tumor burden and recurrence in human gliomas | Nestin was expressed in higher malignant grade gliomas, being predictive of a significantly lower 5 year survival rate |
| Hatanpaa et al42 | 50 pts with astrocytoma | Tissue microarrays by IHC | – | High nestin protein expression is a strong adverse prognostic factor in gliomas | Nestin level had only a relatively weak effect on progression-free survival |
| Galani et al43 | 17 pts with meningiomas | qRT-PCR | – | Increased nestin mRNA levels were found in anaplastic meningiomas | – |
| Petricevic et al44 | 12 human embryos | IHC | In meningiomas nestin was detected in tumor cells—neoplastic transformation of cell populations already present during development | Expression of nestin was associated with immature leptomeningeal cells | – |
| Hilbig et al45 | 6 pts with gliomatosis cerebri (GC) | IHC | We demonstrated the expression of nestin and vimentin in many cells in GC | – | – |
| Sarlomo-Rikala et al46 | Gastro-intestinal schwannomas (n = 27) | IHC | 96% of the schwannomas were positive for nestin. Only nestin is not sufficient to discriminate between GISTs and GI schwannomas. |
– | – |
| Duggal et al47 | 10 cases of cortical dysplasia | IHC and confocal scanning laser microscopy | Nestin is expressed in a select group of abnormal neurons within regions of cortical dysplasia. | – | – |
| Shimada et al48 | 35 cases of MPNST | IHC stains | Nestin in combination with other markers could be useful in the diagnosis of MPNST | – | – |
| Nambirajan et al49 | 126 cases of ependymomas | IHC studies | Nestin had a site independent prognostic value | Nestin was associated with a significantly poor progression-free survival (PFS) | |
| Milde et al50 | 379 pts with ependymomas | IHC | – | Nestin is an independent marker of prognosis in intracranial ependymoma | Nestin positivity is an independent marker for poor progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) |
| Rutka et al51 | Human astrocytoma cell lines: U87, U251, U343 | Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy | Nestin and vimentin co-expression may serve as a marker for an astrocytoma cell type with enhanced motility and invasive potential | – | – |
Abbreviations: CNS, central nervous system; GC, gliomatosis cerebri; IHC, immunohistochemistry; MPNST, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival.