Table 4.
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet assessed with the PREDIMED questionnaire
| T0 | T6 | T0–T6 change | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All patients | N | C | All patients | N | C | All patients | N | C | |
| Total score, mean ± SD* | 6.7 ± 1.8 | 7 ± 2.1 | 6.6 ± 1.6 | 7.6 ± 2.1 | 8.6 ± 1.9 | 6.8 ± 2 | 1 ± 2.3 | 1.6 ± 2.4 | 0.4 ± 2 |
| Lowest adherence, n (%) | 25 (22.7) | 10 (21.3) | 15 (23.8) | 16 (14) | 2 (4.3) | 14 (22.6) | – | – | – |
| Moderate adherence, n (%) | 85 (77.3) | 37 (78.7) | 48 (76.2) | 71 (64) | 28 (59.6) | 43 (67.9) | – | – | – |
| Highest adherence, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 23 (22) | 17 (36.2) | 6 (9.4) | – | – | – |
| T0–T6 change | |||||||||
| Question 1, n (%) | 87 (79.1) | 37 (78.7) | 50 (79.4) | 90 (82) | 42 (89.4) | 48 (75.5) | 8 (7) | 7 (12.8)¶ | 1 (1.9)¶ |
| Question 2, n (%) | 27 (24.5) | 13 (27.7) | 14 (22.2) | 23 (21) | 13 (27.7) | 10 (15.1) | 11 (9) | 9 (15)¶ | 2 (3.8)¶ |
| Question 3, n (%) | 55 (50) | 24 (51.1) | 31 (49.2) | 69 (63) | 35 (72.3) | 34 (54.7) | 28 (25) | 16 (31.9) | 12 (18.9) |
| Question 4, n (%) | 22 (20) | 11 (23.4) | 11 (17.5) | 29 (26) | 19 (38.3)° | 10 (15.1)° | 15 (14) | 13 (25.5)¶ | 2 (3.8)¶ |
| Question 5, n (%) | 76 (69.1) | 31 (66) | 45 (71.4) | 87 (79) | 37 (78.7) | 50 (79.2) | 25 (22.7) | 8 (17) | 17 (26.4) |
| Question 6, n (%) | 100 (90.9) | 40 (85.1) | 60 (95.2) | 105 (94) | 43 (91.5) | 62 (96.2) | 6(6) | 5 (10.6) | 1 (1.9) |
| Question 7, n (%) | 78 (70.9) | 34 (72.3) | 44 (69.8) | 93 (85) | 41 (87.2) | 52 (83) | 21 (19) | 10 (21.3) | 11 (17) |
| Question 8, n (%) | 17 (15.5) | 7 (14.9) | 10 (15.9) | 18 (16) | 8 (17) | 10 (15.1) | 8 (7) | 3 (6.4) | 5 (7.5) |
| Question 9, n (%) | 20 (18.2) | 11 (23.4) | 9 (14.3) | 31 (28) | 17 (34) | 14 (22.6) | 18 (16) | 8 (17) | 10 (15.1) |
| Question 10, n (%) | 15 (13.6) | 7 (14.9) | 8 (12.7) | 24 (22) | 17 (34)° | 7 (11.3)° | 16 (15) | 10 (21.3) | 6 (9.4) |
| Question 11, n (%) | 68 (61.8) | 30 (63.8) | 38 (60.3) | 78 (71) | 34 (72.3) | 44 (69.8) | 25 (23) | 14 (29.8) | 11 (17) |
| Question 12, n (%) | 23 (20.9) | 14 (29.8)• | 9 (14.3)• | 36 (33) | 26 (53.2) | 10 (15.1) | 19 (17.3) | 14 (29.8)¶ | 5 (7.9)¶ |
| Question 13, n (%) | 73 (66.4) | 35 (74.5) | 38 (60.3) | 80 (73) | 43 (89.4)° | 37 (58.5)° | 20 (18) | 10 (21.3) | 10 (15.1) |
| Question 14, n (%) | 80 (72.7) | 34 (72.3) | 46 (73) | 88 (80) | 40 (85.1) | 48 (75.5) | 15 (14) | 8 (17) | 7 (11.3) |
N nutritional group, C control group
*No significant differences between C and N were observed in T0 values, while a significant difference was observed in T6 values (p<0.01) and in the T0–T6 change (p = 0.020)
•A significant difference between N and C was observed in question 12 (p = 0.048) at T0
°A significant difference between N and C was observed in question 4 (p = 0.008), in question 10 (p = 0.006), and in question 13 (p = 0.001) at T6
¶A significative difference between N and C was observed in the T0–T6 change of question 1 (p = 0.033), question 4 (p = 0.002), and question 12 (p = 0.004), while for question 2 it was almost significant (p = 0.052)