Table 1.
Characteristics of ADNI participants.
| CU | CI | P | MCI | AD | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | 200 | 141 | CU vs. CI | 101 | 40 | MCI vs. AD |
| Age at baseline, ya | 70.95 ± 6.27 | 72.25 ± 7.08 | 0.074417 | 72.47 ± 6.69 | 71.72 ± 8.06 | 0.57102 |
| Female | 115 (57.5%) | 60 (42.6%) | <0.05 | 41 (40.6%) | 19 (47.5%) | 0.454664 |
| Education, y | 16.77 ± 2.39 | 15.98 ± 2.82 | <0.05 | 16.21 ± 2.98 | 15.40 ± 2.31 | 0.077458 |
| ApoE e4 positive | 71 (35.7%) | 61 (43.3%) | <0.01 | 38 (37.6%) | 23 (57.5%) | 0.097857 |
| MMSE at baseline | 29.11 ± 1.10 | 27.61 ± 2.32 | <0.0001 | 28.15 ± 1.74 | 26.28 ± 2.99 | <0.0001 |
| CDRSB at baseline | 0.13 ± 0.47 | 1.32 ± 1.11 | <0.0001 | 0.98 ± 0.65 | 2.19 ± 1.51 | <0.0001 |
| CSF Aβ42, ng/L | 1332.84 ± 643.16 | 1029.24 ± 660.36 | <0.0001 | 1159.51 ± 703.67 | 700.33 ± 375.32 | <0.0001 |
| CSF Aβ42 positive | 61 (30.5%) | 82 (58.2%) | <0.0001 | 48 (47.5%) | 34 (85.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Amyloid PET SUVR | 1.11 ± 0.18 | 1.26 ± 0.26 | <0.0001 | 1.20 ± 0.24 | 1.42 ± 0.22 | <0.0001 |
| Amyloid PET positive | 63 (31.5%) | 92 (65.2%) | <0.0001 | 56 (55.4%) | 36 (90.0%) | <0.0001 |
| CSF p-tau, ng/L | 22.21 ± 10.85 | 29.65 ± 17.95 | <0.0001 | 26.67 ± 15.16 | 37.15 ± 22.06 | <0.001 |
| CSF p-tau positive | 83 (41.5%) | 95 (67.4%) | <0.0001 | 62 (61.4%) | 33 (82.5%) | <0.05 |
| Tau PET in ITC SUVR | 1.99 ± 0.28 | 2.65 ± 1.20 | <0.0001 | 2.28 ± 0.74 | 3.60 ± 1.57 | <0.0001 |
| Tau PET in ITC positive | 41 (20.5%) | 80 (56.7%) | <0.0001 | 46 (45.5%) | 34 (85.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Tau PET in Braak5/6 SUVR | 1.81 ± 0.19 | 2.17 ± 0.70 | <0.0001 | 1.95 ± 0.33 | 2.72 ± 1.02 | <0.0001 |
| Tau PET in Braak5/6 positive | 40 (20.0%) | 72 (51.1%) | <0.0001 | 40 (39.6%) | 32 (80.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Hippocampal volume, cm3 | −0.059 ± 0.808 | −1.09 ± 1.11 | <0.0001 | −0.80 ± 1.03 | −1.83 ± 0.95 | <0.0001 |
| Hippocampal volume positive | 51 (25.5%) | 95 (67.4%) | <0.0001 | 60 (59.4%) | 35 (87.5%) | <0.001 |
| Temporal meta-ROI thickness, mm | 3.01 ± 0.15 | 2.80 ± 0.28 | <0.0001 | 2.86 ± 0.25 | 2.65 ± 0.28 | <0.0001 |
| Temporal meta-ROI thickness positive | 41 (20.6%) | 90 (63.8%) | <0.0001 | 56 (55.4%) | 34 (85.0%) | <0.01 |
| CSF t-tau, ng/L | 244.13 ± 98.70 | 306.61 ± 152.66 | <0.0001 | 281.77 ± 130.47 | 369.34 ± 185.41 | <0.01 |
| CSF t-tau positive | 90 (45.0%) | 95 (67.4%) | <0.0001 | 62 (61.4%) | 33 (82.5%) | <0.01 |
| FDG-PET meta-ROI SUVRa | 1.33 ± 0.11 | 1.22 ± 0.14 | <0.0001 | 1.26 ± 0.13 | 1.11 ± 0.12 | <0.0001 |
| FDG-PET meta-ROI SUVR positive | 34 (24.1%) | 85 (62.0%) | <0.0001 | 52 (52.5%) | 33 (86.8%) | <0.0001 |
| plasma NfL, ng/L | 35.92 ± 15.72 | 43.66 ± 20.62 | <0.01 | 41.82 ± 20.90 | 48.28 ± 19.44 | <0.05 |
| plasma NfL positive | 66 (47.8%) | 81 (69.8%) | <0.01 | 52 (62.7%) | 29 (87.9%) | <0.01 |
Aβ, β-amyloid; amyloid PET, [18F]florbetapir PET; CDRSB, Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes; CI, cognitively impaired; CU, cognitively unimpaired; FDG-PET, [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose PET; ITC, inferior temporal cortex; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; NfL, neurofilament light; p-tau, phosphorylated at Thr181; ROI, region of interest; tau PET, [18F]flortaucipir PET; SUVR, standardized uptake value ratio. Data are presented as mean (SD) or n (%).
a
The population sample was normally distributed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z-test, continuous biomarkers were compared between different groups using Student's t-test.