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. 2021 Aug 20;6:312. doi: 10.1038/s41392-021-00729-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — A landscape of immunomics: developmental tendency and future direction. a The timeline of immunomics technologies. b Historical development trajectory and future prospective of tumor immunomics. CODEX codetection by indexing, CyTOF cytometry by time-of-light, ESTIMATE estimation of stromal and immune cells in malignant tumors using expression data, GATK Genome Analysis Toolkit, GenomeVIP Genome Variant Investigation Platform, HDST high-definition spatial transcriptome, IMC imaging mass cytometry, MCP-counter microenvironment cell populations-counter, MIBI-TOF multiplexed ion beam imaging by time-of-flight, mIF multiplex immunofluorescence, mIHC multiplex immunohistochemistry