Table 1.
Clinical Characteristics of Tubeless Insulin Management System Users by Age Group (Entire Cohort)
| Age category, year |
|
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 to <5 | 5 to <10 | 10 to <15 | 15 to <20 | 20 to <30 | 30 to <40 | >40 | Overall | |
| n (%) | 77 (2.2) | 532 (15.4) | 1505 (39.8) | 909 (25.2) | 182 (4.6) | 161 (4.5) | 291 (8.4) | 3657 |
| Age, year | 3.9 (3.2, 4.3) | 7.8 (6.8, 8.9) | 12.3 (11.0, 13.4) | 16.4 (15.5, 17.5) | 24.7 (22.1, 27.2) | 34.2 (31.9, 37.1) | 50.9 (46.3, 57.9) | 13.7 (10.8, 17.3) |
| HbA1c, %a | 7.2 (6.9, 8.2) | 7.2 (6.7, 7.7) | 7.5 (6.7, 7.7) | 7.7 (7.0, 8.6) | 7.6 (6.8, 8.5) | 7.5 (6.8, 8.4) | 7.6 (7.1, 8.3) | 7.5 (6.9, 8.2) |
| Insulin dose, U/(kg·day)a | 0.65 (0.47, 0.78) | 0.66 (0.54, 0.77) | 0.76 (0.61, 0.95) | 0.80 (0.64, 1.0) | 0.60 (0.42, 0.77) | 0.47 (0.36, 0.60) | 0.47 (0.37, 0.50) | 0.71 (0.55, 0.90) |
| BMI-SDSa | 0.96 (0.07, 1.53) | 0.45 (−0.04, 0.92) | 0.36 (−0.25, 1.07) | 0.57 (−0.09, 1.20) | 0.80 (0.24, 1.68) | 0.79 (0.18, 1.69) | 1.22 (0.48, 2.01) | 0.55 (−0.09, 1.22) |
| DKA, %b | 1.3 | 4.5 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 2.7 | 3.9 |
| SH (coma), %b | 2.6 | 0.7 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 0 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 1.5 |
| SH (Level 3), %b | 9.0 | 5.4 | 5.8 | 4.7 | 1.9 | 1.0 | 5.5 | 5.4 |
| SMBG/daya | 7 (5, 9) | 6.5 (5, 8) | 5 (4, 7) | 5 (3.5, 6) | 5 (3.5, 6) | 4 (2, 6) | 4 (4, 6) | 5 (4, 7) |
| CGM (%)a | 33.8 | 38.6 | 37.6 | 31.4 | 18.6 | 17.4 | 13.7 | 32.7 |
| Previous therapy (tethered pump/MDI%)a | 58/42 | 35/65 | 23/76 | 27/73 | 66/33 | 81/17 | 77/18 | 38/59 |
| Retention rate (%) | 100 | 96.4 | 94.8 | 83.3 | 94.0 | 95.7 | 96.6 | 92.4 |
Results are presented as median (IQR).
a
In a small number of patients from each age group, data were missing from each measure (up to 9% of patients for HbA1c, 11% for BMI-SDS, 16% for insulin dose, and 18% for SMBG). For better comparison, SDS-BMI was also calculated in the adult population using the 18-year old reference values.
BMI-SDS, body mass index-standard deviation score; CGM, continuous glucose monitor; DKA, diabetic ketoacidosis; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; IQR, interquartile range; MDI, multiple daily injections; SH, severe hypoglycemia.