Table 2.

Glycemic Control and Frequency of Acute Complications for 3 Years of Tubeless Insulin Pump Therapy in Patients with 3-Year Follow-Up Compared with Prior Treatment and with Multiple Daily Injection Patients with 3-Year Data from the Same Centers During the Same Time Period

	MDIa				Tubeless-pumpb
	Year prior				Year prior	Post-tubeless insulin pump
Parameter	(n = 1874)	1 year (n = 1874)	2 years (n = 1874)	3 years (n = 1874)	(n = 1311)	1 year (n = 1311)	2 years (n = 1311)	3 years (n = 1311)
Age, year	12.3	13.4	14.4	15.4	11.5	12.4	13.5	14.5
Diabetes duration, year	3.4	4.4	5.4	6.4	3.3	4.2	5.3	6.2
HbA1c, %c	7.4	7.5	7.6	7.8	7.5	7.4	7.7	7.7
Insulin dose, U/(kg·day)c	0.83	0.87	0.92	0.95	0.77	0.74	0.77	0.79
BMI-SDSc	0.41	0.46	0.49	0.54	0.41	0.49	0.53	0.59
DKA, %d	3.1	3.0	3.4	3.3	6.3	3.7	3.1	2.2
SH (coma), %d	2.5	2.4	1.9	1.9	1.7	1.4	1.1	0.5
SH (level 3), %d	8.4	7.3	6.4	6.3	5.6	6.3	5.0	4.1
SMBG/day	6	6	5	5	6	6	5	5
CGM (%)	1.6	1.5	6.6	29.2	6.7	16.3	31.0	44.8

Data are shown as median or proportion.

^aPatients with type 1 diabetes on MDI in same centers with >10 tubeless pumps and 3 years follow-up, same treatment years. For the MDI group, the “Year Prior” corresponds to the third year before last year evaluated.

^bPatients who had at least 1 year of data before tubeless insulin pump initiation and 3 years of follow-up data available.

^cIn a small number of patients, data were missing from each measure (total cohort: up to 7% for HbA1c, 8% for BMI-SDS, and 9% for insulin dose; subgroup with 3 years. follow-up: up to 4% for HbA1c, 5% for BMI-SDS, and 5% for insulin dose).

^dPatients with ≥1 event per year, %. SH, severe hypoglycemia.