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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 12.
Published in final edited form as: J Appl Lab Med. 2021 Jan 12;6(1):285–297. doi: 10.1093/jalm/jfaa196

Table 2.

Breakout of Drugs Commonly Used in Labor and Substance Use Disorder (SUD) Management.

Total n Overall, % Epoch 1 n Overall, % Epoch 2 n Overall, % Epoch 1 vs 2 Change, %
UCTDA performed 6051 3021 3030
Opioids commonly used for pain control in labor/delivery
 FEN 333 5.5 267 8.8 66 2.2 −75
 MOR 146 2.4 80 2.6 66 2.2 −18
 Sum 479 7.9 347 11.5 132 4.4 −62
Opioids commonly used for SUD maintenance
 BUP 375 6.2 95 3.1 280 9.2 +195
 MTD 56 0.9 28 0.9 28 0.9 0
 Sum 431 7.1 123 4.1 308 10.2 +150

UCTDA, umbilical cord tissue drug analysis; FEN, fentanyl; MOR, morphine; BUP, buprenorphine; MTD, methadone; Overall %, UCTDA positive for the drug in question as a percent of all UCTDA performed for the time period.