Table. 2.

Subcategories, categories and theme of negative health consequences due to childbirth violence based on mothers' perceptions and experiences

Sub- categories	Categories	Theme
Mother or newborn physical injuries	Maternal and newborn injuries	Negative health consequences
Psychological trauma for the mother
Disrupting the attachment between mother and newborn	Weakening of family ties
Disrupting the emotional- sexual relationship between woman and her spouse
Distrust in health system	Sense of distrust and hatred
Hatred of hospital and healthcare providers
Negative reactions against healthcare providers
Distrust in supportive structures
Hatred of childbearing