TABLE 1.
Associations between predictors and isoniazid preventive therapy initiation stratified by period of enrolment into human immunodeficiency virus care.
| Variable | Overall |
Enrolment period 2004–2010 |
Enrolment period 2011–2016 |
||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IPT cases |
IPT cases/100 person-years | Total (N) | IPT cases Row |
Person-years | IPT cases/100 person-years† | Chi-square | p | Total (N) | IPT cases Row |
Person-years | IPT cases/100 person-years | Chi-squared | p | ||||
| % | N | % | n | % | n | ||||||||||||
| Gender | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.5 | 0.226 | - | - | - | - | - | 1.8 | 0.176 | ||
| Female | 72 | 1394 | 21.1 | 798 | 77 | 613 | 3740 | 16.4 | - | - | 1144 | 68 | 781 | 2856 | 27.3 | - | - |
| Male | 63 | 639 | 19.6 | 412 | 68 | 279 | 1901 | 14.7 | - | - | 601 | 60 | 360 | 1367 | 26.3 | - | - |
| Age | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3.1 | 0.373 | - | - | - | - | - | 4.3 | 0.23 | |
| Children | 40 | 21 | 10.7 | 31 | 42 | 13 | 135 | 9.6 | - | - | 21 | 38 | 8 | 61 | 13.2 | - | - |
| Adolescents | 60 | 33 | 28.2 | 12 | 42 | 5 | 43 | 11.7 | - | - | 43 | 65 | 28 | 74 | 37.6 | - | - |
| Adult | 69 | 1876 | 20.7 | 1116 | 75 | 839 | 5217 | 16.1 | - | - | 1587 | 65 | 1037 | 3849 | 26.9 | - | - |
| Elderly | 71 | 103 | 21.2 | 51 | 69 | 35 | 246 | 14.2 | - | - | 94 | 72 | 68 | 239 | 28.4 | - | - |
| District category | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.9 | 0.336 | - | - | - | - | 2.9 | 0.091 | |
| Dense | 72 | 1379 | 20.5 | 922 | 75 | 691 | 4266 | 16.2 | - | - | 991 | 69 | 688 | 2452 | 28.1 | - | - |
| Sparse | 63 | 654 | 20.8 | 288 | 70 | 201 | 1375 | 14.6 | - | - | 754 | 60 | 453 | 1772 | 25.6 | - | - |
| Adherence | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.2 | 0.642 | - | - | - | - | - | 1.1 | 0.29 |
| Good | 68 | 1581 | 21.7 | 843 | 75 | 620 | 3864 | 16.0 | - | - | 1493 | 68 | 961 | 3420 | 28.1 | - | - |
| Poor | 73 | 452 | 17.5 | 367 | 74 | 272 | 1777 | 15.3 | - | - | 252 | 71 | 180 | 802 | 22.4 | - | - |
| Treatment failure | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.1 | 0.144 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.2 | 0.649 |
| No | 69 | 1993 | 19.1 | 1176 | 73 | 860 | 5471 | 18.9 | - | - | 1733 | 65 | 1133 | 4184 | 27.1 | - | - |
| Yes | 87 | 40 | 20.6 | 34 | 94 | 32 | 169 | 15.7 | - | - | 12 | 67 | 8 | 40 | 20.2 | - | - |
| BL CD4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.4 | 0.515 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.7 | 0.313 |
| 1–100 | 65 | 413 | 18.9 | 321 | 71 | 229 | 1449 | 15.8 | - | - | 318 | 59 | 186 | 757 | 24.6 | - | - |
| 101–350 | 72 | 1232 | 19.9 | 757 | 76 | 567 | 3582 | 15.8 | - | - | 957 | 70 | 666 | 2602 | 25.6 | - | - |
| 351–500 | 60 | 214 | 26.2 | 81 | 76 | 62 | 379 | 16.3 | - | - | 276 | 59 | 162 | 477 | 34.0 | - | - |
| 501–1572 | 66 | 161 | 26.0 | 51 | 67 | 34 | 231 | 14.6 | - | - | 194 | 65 | 127 | 387 | 32.8 | - | - |
| BL WHO stage | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.2 | 0.240 | - | - | - | - | - | 12.4 | 0.006 |
| I | 70 | 733 | 24.4 | 246 | 80 | 196 | 1192 | 16.4 | - | - | 803 | 67 | 537 | 1813 | 29.6 | - | - |
| II | 69 | 842 | 18.7 | 609 | 71 | 430 | 2848 | 15.1 | - | - | 610 | 67 | 412 | 1664 | 24.7 | - | - |
| III | 73 | 379 | 19.6 | 295 | 76 | 224 | 1355 | 16.5 | - | - | 221 | 70 | 155 | 577 | 26.8 | - | - |
| IV | 46 | 79 | 19.1 | 60 | 70 | 42 | 245 | 17.1 | - | - | 111 | 33 | 37 | 169 | 21.9 | - | - |
| Duration of pre-ART | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.9 | 0.602 | - | - | - | - | - | 4.5 | 0.213 |
| < 1 | 70 | 1491 | 20.7 | 892 | 74 | 663 | 4151 | 15.9 | - | - | 1235 | 67 | 828 | 3050 | 27.2 | - | - |
| 1–2 | 74 | 198 | 21.1 | 121 | 76 | 92 | 561 | 16.4 | - | - | 148 | 72 | 106 | 377 | 28.1 | - | - |
| 3–5 | 67 | 229 | 19.2 | 135 | 76 | 102 | 654 | 15.6 | - | - | 209 | 56.4 | 127 | 538 | 23.6 | - | - |
| > 5 | 53 | 115 | 21.6 | 62 | 56 | 35 | 273 | 12.8 | - | - | 153 | 46.6 | 80 | 258 | 31.0 | - | - |
| Duration of ART (years) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 24.0 | 0.000 | - | - | - | - | - | 9.4 | 0.024 |
| 0–2 | 45 | 329 | 59.4 | 59 | 2 | 1 | 40 | 2.4 | - | - | 678 | 48.4 | 328 | 514 | 63.8 | - | - |
| 3–4 | 67 | 479 | 23.7 | 63 | 32 | 20 | 191 | 10.4 | - | - | 654 | 70.2 | 459 | 1830 | 25.1 | - | - |
| 5–6 | 81 | 570 | 17.6 | 313 | 76 | 239 | 1499 | 15.9 | - | - | 388 | 85.3 | 331 | 1745 | 19.0 | - | - |
| > 6 | 82 | 655 | 16.2 | 775 | 81 | 632 | 3909 | 16.1 | - | - | 25 | 92.0 | 23 | 134 | 17.1 | - | - |
| Total | 69 | 2033 | 20.6 | 1210 | 74 | 892 | 5641 | 15.8 | - | - | 1745 | 65 | 1141 | 4223 | 27.0 | 300 | 0.000† |
Note: CD4 counts are in cells/mm3.
ART, antiretroviral therapy; BL, baseline; IPT, isoniazid preventive therapy; N, number of patients; TB, tuberculosis; tnd, target not detected; WHO, World Health Organization. CD4 counts are in cells/mm3.
†
, The observation time in 100 person-years is only for tallying purposes because IPT was launched in 2011.