TABLE 3.
Univariate logistic regression results for factors associated with screening positive on the patient health questionnaire-9.
| Variable | OR | p-value | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | |||
| 18–35 | 1.00 | - | - |
| 36–55 | 1.00 | 0.993 | 0.53–1.90 |
| 56 and above | 0.80 | 0.573 | 0.38–1.71 |
| Gender | |||
| Female | 1.00 | - | - |
| Male | 0.83 | 0.59 | 0.41–1.67 |
| Marital status | |||
| Single | 1.00 | - | - |
| Married | 0.84 | 0.560 | 0.47–1.51 |
| Divorced/separated | 0.33 | 0.068 | 0.10–1.09 |
| Race | |||
| African | 1.00 | - | - |
| White/coloured/Indian/other | 0.50 | 0.150 | 0.19–1.28 |
| Highest education level | |||
| Degree/diploma | 1.00 | - | - |
| Grade 4–10 | 1.25 | 0.527 | 0.63–2.46 |
| No schooling | 4.33 | 0.220 | 0.42–45.06 |
| Employed | |||
| No | 1.00 | - | - |
| Yes | 0.65 | 0.138 | 0.37–1.15 |
| Income per month | |||
| R0.0 – R3500.00 | 1.00 | - | - |
| R3501.00 – above | 0.69 | 0.331 | 0.33–1.46 |
| Area of residence | |||
| Peri-urban | 1.00 | - | - |
| Rural | 1.20 | 0.765 | 0.37–3.88 |
| Urban | 0.93 | 0.879 | 0.36–2.42 |
| Family history of depression | |||
| No | 1.00 | - | - |
| Yes | 1.39 | 0.359 | 0.69–2.83 |
| Co-morbid disease | |||
| No | 1.00 | - | - |
| Yes | 1.75 | 0.052 | 0.99–3.07 |
| History of stressful life events | |||
| No | 1.00 | - | - |
| Yes | 3.80 | 0.001 | 2.09–6.94 |
| Drink index | |||
| No | 1.00 | - | - |
| Yes | 2.25 | 0.017 | 1.16–4.37 |
| Used drugs | |||
| No | 1.00 | - | - |
| Yes | 1.37 | 0.58 | 0.44–4.24 |
| Country of origin | |||
| South Africa | 1.00 | - | - |
| Non-SA | 0.39 | 0.006 | 0.19–0.78 |
OR, odds ratio; SA, South Africa; CI, confidence interval.