TABLE 1.
Demographics, baseline and clinical characteristics at presentation of patients treated with lopinavir/ritonavir.
| Variables | Total (n = 73) |
Survivor (n = 46) |
Non survivor (n = 27) |
p * | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
| Gender | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.18 |
| Male | 47 | 64.4 | 27 | 58.7 | 20 | 74.1 | - |
| Female | 26 | 35.6 | 19 | 41.3 | 7 | 25.9 | - |
| Age † | - | - | - | - | - | - | < 0.0001 |
| Smoking | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.003 |
| Yes | 14 | 19.2 | 4 | 8.7 | 10 | 37 | - |
| No | 59 | 80.8 | 42 | 91.3 | 17 | 63 | - |
| Covid-19 contact | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.59 |
| Yes | 16 | 21.9 | 11 | 23.9 | 5 | 18.5 | - |
| No | 57 | 78.1 | 35 | 76.1 | 22 | 81.5 | - |
| Covid PCR + | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.02 |
| Yes | 53 | 72.6 | 29 | 63 | 24 | 88.9 | - |
| No | 20 | 27.4 | 17 | 37 | 3 | 11.1 | - |
| Comorbidities | - | - | - | - | - | - | < 0.0001 |
| Yes | 38 | 52.1 | 13 | 28.3 | 25 | 92.6 | - |
| No | 35 | 47.9 | 33 | 71.7 | 2 | 7.4 | - |
| Hypertension | - | - | - | - | - | - | < 0.0001 |
| Yes | 33 | 45.2 | 11 | 23.9 | 22 | 81.5 | - |
| No | 40 | 54.8 | 35 | 76.1 | 5 | 18.5 | - |
| Diabetes | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.001 |
| Yes | 15 | 20.5 | 4 | 8.7 | 11 | 40.7 | - |
| No | 58 | 79.5 | 42 | 91.3 | 16 | 59.3 | - |
| Arrhythmia | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.001 |
| Yes | 6 | 8.3 | - | - | 6 | 23.1 | - |
| No | 66 | 91.7 | 46 | 100 | 20 | 76.9 | - |
| CAD | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.002 |
| Yes | 10 | 13.7 | 2 | 4.3 | 8 | 29.6 | - |
| No | 63 | 86.3 | 44 | 95.7 | 19 | 70.4 | - |
| CHF | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.001 |
| Yes | 6 | 8.2 | - | - | 6 | 22.2 | - |
| No | 67 | 91.8 | 46 | 100 | 21 | 77.8 | - |
| COPD | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.89 |
| Yes | 3 | 4.1 | 2 | 4.3 | 1 | 3.7 | - |
| No | 70 | 95.9 | 44 | 95.7 | 26 | 96.3 | - |
| Asthma | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.19 |
| Yes | 1 | 1.4 | - | - | 1 | 3.7 | - |
| No | 72 | 98.6 | 46 | 100 | 26 | 96.3 | - |
| Malignancy | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.02 |
| Yes | 3 | 4.1 | - | - | 3 | 11.1 | - |
| No | 70 | 95.9 | 46 | 100 | 24 | 88.9 | - |
| Immunosuppression | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.06 |
| Yes | 2 | 2.7 | - | - | 2 | 7.4 | - |
| No | 71 | 97.3 | 46 | 100 | 25 | 92.6 | - |
| Signs and symptoms | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Fever | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.9 |
| Yes | 48 | 65.8 | 30 | 65.2 | 18 | 66.7 | - |
| No | 25 | 34.2 | 16 | 34.8 | 9 | 33.3 | - |
| Cough | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.14 |
| Yes | 38 | 52.1 | 27 | 58.7 | 11 | 40.7 | - |
| No | 35 | 47.9 | 19 | 41.3 | 16 | 59.6 | - |
| Dyspnea | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.45 |
| Yes | 20 | 24.7 | 14 | 30.4 | 6 | 22.2 | - |
| No | 53 | 72.6 | 32 | 69.6 | 21 | 77.8 | - |
| GİS (diarrhea and nausea) | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.71 |
| Yes | 12 | 16.4 | 7 | 15.2 | 5 | 18.5 | - |
| No | 61 | 83.6 | 39 | 84.8 | 22 | 81.5 | - |
| Myalgia | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.91 |
| Yes | 14 | 19.2 | 9 | 19.6 | 5 | 18.5 | - |
| No | 59 | 80.8 | 37 | 80.4 | 22 | 81.5 | - |
| Headache | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.62 |
| Yes | 9 | 12.3 | 5 | 10.9 | 4 | 14.8 | - |
| No | 64 | 87.7 | 41 | 89.1 | 23 | 85.2 | - |
| Treatment location | - | - | - | - | - | - | < 0.0001 |
| Clinic | 40 | 54.8 | 40 | 87.0 | - | - | - |
| Clinic + ICU | 20 | 27.4 | 5 | 10.9 | 15 | 55.6 | - |
| ICU | 13 | 17.8 | 1 | 2.2 | 12 | 44.4 | - |
| Radiology | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.05 |
| 1 | 9 | 12.3 | 9 | 19.6 | - | - | - |
| 2 | 36 | 49.3 | 23 | 50.0 | 13 | 48.1 | - |
| 3 | 23 | 31.5 | 11 | 23.9 | 12 | 44.4 | - |
| 4 | 5 | 6.8 | 3 | 6.5 | 2 | 7.4 | - |
| Vitamin C | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.79 |
| Yes | 38 | 53.5 | 23 | 52.3 | 15 | 55.6 | - |
| No | 33 | 46.5 | 21 | 47.7 | 12 | 44.4 | - |
†
, Mean (SD): Total, 56.9 ± 13.3 (26–89); Survivor, 52.6 ± 12.2 (26–79); Non survivor, 64.3 ± 12 (35–89); (Mean = years; SD = Min–Max).
N, number; SD, standard deviation; Min, minimum; Max, maximum; CAD, coronary artery disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICU, intensive care unit.
*
, p is significant at the level of < 0.05. (Chi-square test).