Table 2.

Patient surgical variables for the TAU and COLP groups.

Surgical variables	TAU (n = 22)	COLP (n = 19)
No. of levels	3.1 ± 1.3	3.5 ± 1.4
Duration of surgery (min)	161 ± 49	168 ± 53
Blood loss during surgery (mL)	710 ± 632	622 ± 629
Re-operation	4 (19%)	4 (21%)
Spinal segments involved
Cervical	5 (23%)	6 (32%)
Thoracic	1 (5%)	1 (5%)
Lumbar	17 (77%)	13 (68%)
Sacral	1 (5%)	3 (16%)
Surgical aspects involved
Discectomy	3 (14%)	5 (26%)
Laminectomy	20 (91%)	17 (90%)
Fusion	21 (96%)	16 (84%)
Other	2 (9%)	3 (16%)
Indication(s) for surgery
Spinal stenosis	19 (86%)	14 (74%)
Spondylolisthesis	13 (59%)	10 (53%)
Herniated disk	1 (5%)	2 (11%)
Fracture	3 (14%)	1 (5%)
Other	9 (41%)	9 (47%)
Symptoms present at time of surgery
Pain	21 (96%)	18 (95%)
Weakness	3 (14%)	6 (32%)
Numbness	3 (14%)	5 (26%)
Other	3 (14%)	1 (5%)

Data are given in either mean ± SD or n(percent). Treatment groups were balanced across all surgical variables.

COLP, conditioned open-label placebo; TAU, treatment as usual.