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. 2021 Aug 6;9:704048. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.704048

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Copyright © 2021 Latimer, Maekawa, Yao, Wu, Chen and Giannobile.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Overview of major types of additive manufacturing processes for bone tissue engineering applications. Additive manufacturing (AM) falls into three major categories: laser-based, extrusion-based, or binder jetting processes. Stereolithography apparatus (SLA) and selective laser sintering (SLS) are the predominant forms of laser-assisted techniques for production of non-metallic bone scaffolds. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is the main extrusion-based method and binder-jetting is the last method. Melt electrospinning or bioprinting are similar, but distinct scaffold fabrication processes that may be used in conjunction with traditional methods of AM.