Table 3. Multivariable model of comorbidities’ effect on relative risk of death according to primary kidney disease.
| Comorbidity, RR (95%CI) | Type 2 diabetes | Type 1 diabetes | Glomerulo-nephritis | Polycystic kidney disease | Nephro-sclerosis | Other or unknown diagnoses | All patients | Interaction P valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coronary artery disease | 1.18 (1.02–1.36) | 1.04 (0.85–1.26) | 1.58 (1.21–2.07) | 1.79 (1.21–2.66) | 1.09 (0.81–1.46) | 1.19 (1.04–1.36) | 1.29 (1.19–1.40) | <0.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1.80 (1.55–2.08) | 1.67 (1.32–2.11) | 1.24 (0.81–1.89) | 1.64 (0.97–2.77) | 1.47 (1.09–1.97) | 1.26 (1.07–1.50) | 1.64 (1.50–1.79) | 0.215 |
| Left ventricular hypertrophy | 1.01 (0.88–1.15) | 1.10 (0.90–1.35) | 1.17 (0.92–1.48) | 1.11 (0.79–1.56) | 1.14 (0.86–1.50) | 1.11 (0.99–1.26) | 1.13 (1.05–1.22) | 0.070 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1.15 (0.97–1.37) | 1.28 (0.97–1.67) | 1.52 (1.08–2.14) | 1.08 (0.68–1.72) | 1.34 (0.93–1.92) | 1.26 (1.07–1.50) | 1.24 (1.12–1.36) | 0.581 |
| Heart failure | 1.41 (1.19–1.67) | 1.81 (1.29–2.54) | 3.18 (2.10–4.83) | 3.05 (1.46–6.36) | 1.87 (1.28–2.72) | 1.85 (1.56–2.18) | 1.83 (1.65–2.03) | <0.001 |
| Malignancy | 0.92 (0.74–1.15) | 1.42 (0.91–2.21) | 1.34 (0.97–1.86) | 1.92 (1.18–3.11) | 0.72 (0.51–1.03) | 1.20 (1.06–1.36) | 1.18 (1.07–1.29) | <0.001 |
| Normal weight (BMI 20–30 kg/m 2 ) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.002 |
| Obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m 2 ) | 0.95 (0.83–1.08) | 1.05 (081–1.36) | 2.04 (1.59–2.61) | 0.87 (0.59–1.29) | 0.85 (0.61–1.20) | 0.98 (0.85–1.13) | 1.14 (1.05–1.22) | |
| Underweight (BMI < 20 kg/m 2 ) | 1.15 (0.70–1.88) | 2.11 (1.52–2.95) | 1.43 (0.93–2.21) | 1.45 (0.77–2.73) | 1.35 (0.74–2.46) | 1.54 (1.30–1.83) | 1.53 (1.35–1.74) | |
| Systolic blood pressure > 140 mmHg | 0.74 (0.64–0.85) | 0.83 (0.66–1.04) | 0.96 (0.76–1.23) | 1.07 (0.78–2.73) | 1.11 (0.82–1.50) | 0.89 (0.79–0.99) | 0.94 (0.87–1.01) | 0.325 |
| Diastolic blood pressure > 90 mmHg | 0.90 (0.75–1.09) | 1.00 (0.79–1.27) | 0.89 (0.67–1.18) | 0.85 (0.60–1.20) | 0.77 (0.55–1.08) | 1.03 (0.89–1.20) | 0.88 (0.80–0.96) | 0.060 |
| Age at start (per 10 years increment) | 1.45 (1.34–1.57) | 1.42 (1.28–1.57) | 2.29 (2.04–2.58) | 2.11 (1.78–2.51) | 1.87 (1.61–2.17) | 1.63 (1.56–1.72) | 1.62 (1.57–1.67) | <0.001 |
| Female sex | 1.15 (0.98–1.32) | 1.04 (0.85–1.26) | 1.02 (0.79–1.31) | 0.85 (0.63–1.15) | 0.85 (0.63–1.14) | 1.08 (0.97–1.21) | 1.00 (0.93–1.07) | 0.593 |
aInteraction between diagnosis group and comorbidity.
RR, relative risk of death; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; BMI, body mass index.
Separate multivariable models were made for each diagnosis group (in columns) including all comorbidities in the table.