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Partial dependence plots for eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) illustrating the relationship between 28-d mortality and values of the six most important predictor variables. As shown, the risk of mortality increases with age greater than 40 yr, fewer than 100 (and especially < 50) ICU beds, serum creatinine greater than 1 mg/dL, arterial pH less than 7.30, lactate greater than or equal to 2 mmol/L, and Pao2/Fio2 ratio (P/F ratio) less than 150 mm Hg.
