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. 2021 Jul 23;231:108804. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108804

Table 1.

Various mutations found in SARS-CoV-2.

Mutations Features Outcomes Ref.
SpikeD614G A missense mutation in S protein encoding gene, where an amino acid (aa) change from aspartate to glycine at 614 position was found. With this mutation this strain contains 3 other mutations as follow:
  • 1.

    C-to-T mutation at the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) at position 241,

  • 2.

    C-to-T mutation at position 3037,

  • 3.

    a nonsynonymous C-to-T mutation at position 14,408 within the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene.

 D614G substitution was a rare mutation at the beginning of the COVID-19 spread before March 2020, found as predominant in Europe, but later it occurred about 74% in all published sequences in June 2020 and spread worldwide. This mutation enhances the viral replication in the upper respiratory tract and also has higher susceptible to neutralization by monoclonal antibodies. [21,22]
NSP2 and NSP3 SARS-CoV-2 contains a polar aa instead of nonpolar aa unlike bat SARS at position 321 and glycine is replaced by serine in NSP3 at position of 543. This may affect the mechanisms involved in viral entry and replication and increases the contagiousness of the virus. [23]
SARS-CoV-2 VUI 202012/01 This new variant of SARS-CoV-2 has 29 aa substitution from the original Wuhan strain with a mutation N501Y which is located in the receptor binding region. It is first reported in UK. According to till now revealed reports this new strain possesses a high transmissible rate than the original strain. [24]
Mutations in Rdrp A mutation was found in the RNA dependent RNA polymerase at the position of 14,408. It might result in drug resistant viral phenotype. [25]
Mutations in ORF region According to the present studies there are mutations in ORF region as follow:
  • 1.

    C > T in ORF1ab gene at position 8782,

  • 2.

    T > C in ORF8 gene at position 28,144.

 Better studies needed to understand the role of this mutation in virulence of the virus. [26]
∆382 variant This variant has 382 nucleotide deletion in ORF8. This variant, seen during the early epidemic in Wuhan, is mild infectious with lower concentration of proinflammatory cytokines. [27]
SARS-CoV-2 AZ-ASU2923 This variant has a deletion of 81 nucleotide in the ORF7a region found in Arizona. Pathogenic consequences are yet to be studied. [28]