Table 3.

Drugs and their combinations are currently used in the treatment.

Name of drug	Description	Function
Chloroquine and hydroxyl chloroquine [[119], [120], [121]]	These drugs are basically used in malaria treatment and some extent to Systemic Lupus Erythematosous (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment.	Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine inhibits viral entry into cells. The glycosylation of host receptors, endosomal acidification and proteolytic processing are inhibited. These agents also affect immunopathology via inhibition of cytokines production for lysosomal activity and autophagy of immune cells.
Lopinavir/ritonavir [122]	Lopinavir and ritonavir are approved by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and in treatment of HIV.	No published data are available but invitro studies show that they act by inhibiting 3-chymotrypsin-like protease.
Remdesivir [123]	Remdesivir, also called GS-5734, is a monophosphate prodrug that forms an active C-adenosine nucleoside triphosphate analogue undergoing metabolism.	The drug was designed against microbes with activity also against RNA viruses. Remdesivir targets the RNA dependent RNA polymerase and hamper the replication cycle of RNA viruses. Remdesivir first used for the treatment of Ebola.
Umifenovir [124]	Umifenovir or Arbid, an antiviral drug.	It inhibits S protein/ACE2 interaction via blocking the fusion of membrane with the viral envelope. Arbid is used for the treatment of influenza in Russia and China and is recently in the interest for treating COVID-19.

ACE2, angiotensin converting enzyme 2; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; S, spike; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; FDA, food and drug administration.