Demographics |
AGE |
range (19–96 years) |
<0.001* |
1.04 |
1.03–1.06 |
– |
– |
– |
|
Age > 50 years |
755 |
<0.001* |
3.15 |
1.81–5.50 |
– |
– |
– |
|
Age > 65 years |
336 |
<0.001* |
2.43 |
1.72–3.44 |
– |
– |
– |
|
Female |
467 |
0.489 |
0.88 |
0.61–1.27 |
– |
– |
– |
|
Readmission |
46 |
0.147 |
0.05 |
0.01–2.95 |
0.951 |
0.001 |
0.01–3.40E+164 |
|
Mortality |
130 (10.7%) |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
|
Blood Grouping |
A- |
6 |
0.289 |
2.91 |
0.41–20.90 |
0.553 |
1.822 |
0.26–13.18 |
|
A+ |
132 |
0.642 |
0.88 |
0.51–1.51 |
0.561 |
0.852 |
0.5–1.47 |
|
B- |
19 |
0.332 |
1.64 |
0.60–4.45 |
0.858 |
1.098 |
0.4–3.02 |
|
B+ |
233 |
<0.05* |
1.5 |
1.03–2.18 |
0.051 |
1.459 |
1–2.13 |
|
O- |
13 |
0.27 |
0.04 |
0.00–11.71 |
0.947 |
0.001 |
0.01–2.07E+130 |
|
O+ |
183 |
0.224 |
1.28 |
0.86–1.90 |
0.25 |
1.262 |
0.85–1.88 |
|
AB- |
6 |
<0.05* |
3.88 |
1.23–12.27 |
<0.001* |
7.634 |
2.39–24.48 |
|
AB+ |
48 |
<0.05* |
2.55 |
1.29–5.04 |
<0.001* |
2.483 |
1.26–4.93 |
|
Comorbidities |
Chronic kidney disease |
71 |
<0.001* |
3.45 |
2.08–5.72 |
<0.001* |
2.737 |
1.63–4.61 |
|
Chronic liver disease |
13 |
0.15 |
2.32 |
0.74–7.33 |
0.125 |
2.467 |
0.78–7.82 |
|
Chronic obstructive lung disease |
14 |
<0.05* |
2.93 |
1.19–7.21 |
0.163 |
1.918 |
0.77–4.79 |
|
Diabetes |
441 |
<0.05* |
1.45 |
1.03–2.05 |
0.261 |
1.224 |
0.87–1.74 |
|
Hypertension |
521 |
0.58 |
1.41 |
0.99–2.01 |
0.493 |
1.137 |
0.79–1.64 |
|
Ischemic heart disease |
158 |
<0.001* |
2.24 |
1.62–3.62 |
<0.05* |
1.801 |
1.19–2.73 |
|
Other Comorbidities |
571 |
<0.05* |
1.76 |
1.24–2.48 |
<0.05* |
1.721 |
1.21–2.45 |
|
Symptoms |
Asymptomatic |
87 |
0.177 |
0.38 |
0.12–1.27 |
0.269 |
0.497 |
0.15–1.72 |
|
Chest pain (non-cardiac) |
56 |
0.252 |
1.63 |
0.71–3.71 |
0.434 |
1.395 |
0.61–3.21 |
|
Cough |
522 |
0.110 |
0.76 |
0.54–1.07 |
0.28 |
0.823 |
0.58–1.18 |
|
Fatigue/lethargy |
52 |
0.793 |
1.15 |
0.42–3.12 |
0.63 |
0.78 |
0.29–2.14 |
|
Fever |
768 |
<0.001* |
0.56 |
0.39–0.79 |
<0.05* |
0.568 |
0.4–0.81 |
|
Gastrointestinal symptoms |
93 |
0.875 |
0.94 |
0.42–2.14 |
0.626 |
0.813 |
0.36–1.88 |
|
Headache |
16 |
0.367 |
0.05 |
0.01–34.53 |
0.953 |
0.001 |
0.01–4.24E+150 |
|
Hemoptysis |
9 |
0.609 |
0.05 |
0.01–5037.35 |
0.961 |
0 |
0–1.48E+166 |
|
Malaise |
83 |
0.976 |
0.99 |
0.41–2.43 |
0.537 |
0.752 |
0.31–1.87 |
|
More than 2 symptoms |
901 |
0.975 |
1.01 |
0.66–1.56 |
0.817 |
0.95 |
0.62–1.47 |
|
Myalgia |
28 |
0.284 |
1.88 |
0.6–5.94 |
0.221 |
2.06 |
0.65–6.54 |
|
Nasal obstruction |
2 |
0.788 |
0.05 |
0.01–157108055.1 |
0.969 |
0.001 |
0.01–4.22E+198 |
|
Other symptoms |
321 |
<0.001* |
1.97 |
1.38–2.8 |
<0.05* |
1.66 |
1.16–2.38 |
|
Pneumothorax (clinical/radiological) |
22 |
<0.05* |
2.00 |
1.17–3.43 |
<0.05* |
2.014 |
1.18–3.46 |
|
Rhinorrhea |
7 |
0.502 |
0.05 |
0.01–327.09 |
0.964 |
0.001 |
0.01–1.70E+200 |
|
Sore throat |
58 |
0.240 |
0.51 |
0.16–1.59 |
0.637 |
0.758 |
0.24–2.41 |
|
Sputum |
29 |
0.070 |
2.03 |
0.95–4.35 |
0.247 |
1.576 |
0.73–3.41 |
|
Clinical |
Acute Kidney Injury |
179 |
<0.001* |
2.95 |
2.08–4.18 |
<0.001* |
2.465 |
1.74–3.51 |
|
ARDS/Respiratory failure |
147 |
<0.001* |
2.81 |
1.96–4.03 |
<0.001* |
2.527 |
1.77–3.63 |
|
Septic Shock |
49 |
<0.001* |
5.05 |
3.43–7.43 |
<0.001* |
4.299 |
2.91–6.37 |
|
Shock Liver |
3 |
<0.001* |
11.63 |
2.84–47.73 |
<0.001* |
11.476 |
2.77–47.68 |
|
Shortness of breath |
570 |
<0.001* |
1.81 |
1.24–2.62 |
<0.001* |
1.96 |
1.35–2.86 |
|
Point of Care |
Special care unit |
308 |
0.355 |
1.18 |
0.84–1.68 |
0.577 |
1.106 |
0.78–1.58 |
|
Days spent in the ICU |
Range (0–20 days) |
0.187 |
1.03 |
0.99–1.07 |
0.133 |
1.029 |
1–1.07 |
|
Intensive care unit (ICU) |
106 |
<0.001* |
2.71 |
1.88–3.92 |
<0.001* |
3.241 |
2.22–4.74 |
|
Number of admissions ICU during current hospitalization |
Range (0–2) |
<0.001* |
1.78 |
1.3–2.43 |
<0.001* |
2.066 |
1.49–2.87 |
|
Radiology |
Bilateral chest X-ray abnormalities |
753 |
0.484 |
1.14 |
0.8–1.64 |
0.34 |
1.195 |
0.83–1.72 |
|
Unilateral chest X-ray abnormalities |
131 |
0.911 |
0.97 |
0.56–1.7 |
0.997 |
0.999 |
0.58–1.75 |
|
Day One labs |
Abnormal blood lymphocyte count |
378 |
<0.001* |
3.02 |
1.74–5.26 |
<0.001* |
2.786 |
1.6–4.86 |
|
Abnormal blood neutrophil count |
1044 |
<0.05* |
2.5 |
1.17–5.36 |
<0.05* |
2.657 |
1.24–5.7 |
|
Abnormal platelets count |
363 |
<0.05* |
1.43 |
1.01–2.03 |
<0.05* |
1.413 |
1–2.01 |
|
Abnormal serum albumin |
49 |
0.296 |
1.45 |
0.73–2.87 |
0.207 |
1.552 |
0.79–3.07 |
|
Abnormal serum ALT |
946 |
0.380 |
1.23 |
0.78–1.95 |
0.475 |
1.183 |
0.75–1.88 |
|
Abnormal serum APTT |
347 |
0.217 |
1.26 |
0.88–1.81 |
0.137 |
1.32 |
0.92–1.9 |
|
Abnormal serum bilirubin |
69 |
0.587 |
0.82 |
0.4–1.69 |
0.33 |
0.699 |
0.34–1.42 |
|
Abnormal serum BUN |
382 |
<0.001* |
3.15 |
2.19–4.52 |
<0.001* |
2.784 |
1.94–4.01 |
|
Abnormal serum calcium |
387 |
0.596 |
0.91 |
0.62–1.33 |
0.633 |
0.91 |
0.62–1.35 |
|
Abnormal serum creatinine |
373 |
<0.001* |
3.21 |
2.24–4.6 |
<0.001* |
2.73 |
1.9–3.94 |
|
Abnormal serum hematocrit |
505 |
<0.001* |
1.87 |
1.33–2.65 |
<0.05* |
1.808 |
1.26–2.61 |
|
Abnormal serum hemoglobin |
879 |
<0.05* |
1.67 |
1.08–2.58 |
<0.05* |
1.63 |
1.05–2.55 |
|
Abnormal serum INR |
198 |
<0.001* |
3.38 |
2.38–4.8 |
<0.001* |
3.243 |
2.28–4.63 |
|
Abnormal serum LDH |
751 |
0.597 |
1.11 |
0.77–1.58 |
0.806 |
1.047 |
0.74–1.5 |
|
Abnormal serum magnesium |
268 |
0.535 |
0.88 |
0.57–1.35 |
0.841 |
0.957 |
0.63–1.48 |
|
Abnormal serum phosphorus |
32 |
0.893 |
1.08 |
0.4–2.91 |
0.58 |
0.752 |
0.28–2.07 |
|
Abnormal serum potassium |
241 |
0.886 |
0.97 |
0.64–1.49 |
0.678 |
0.914 |
0.6–1.41 |
|
Abnormal serum procalcitonin |
523 |
0.312 |
1.2 |
0.85–1.69 |
0.485 |
1.132 |
0.8–1.61 |
|
Abnormal serum PT |
378 |
<0.05* |
1.5 |
1.05–2.15 |
<0.05* |
1.787 |
1.24–2.59 |
|
Abnormal serum sodium |
458 |
0.250 |
1.23 |
0.87–1.73 |
0.501 |
1.127 |
0.8–1.6 |
|
Abnormal white cell count |
455 |
<0.001* |
2.08 |
1.45–2.96 |
<0.001* |
2.089 |
1.47–2.98 |
|
Treatment |
Anti-malarial |
2 |
0.385 |
2.4 |
0.34–17.27 |
0.587 |
1.73 |
0.24–12.51 |
|
Anti-viral drugs |
99 |
0.715 |
0.9 |
0.51–1.6 |
0.538 |
0.835 |
0.47–1.49 |
|
CRRT |
7 |
<0.05* |
2.72 |
1.19–6.23 |
0.054 |
2.287 |
0.99–5.3 |
|
Hydroxychloroquine |
77 |
0.230 |
0.61 |
0.27–1.38 |
0.336 |
0.667 |
0.3–1.53 |
|
Intravenous IgG |
6 |
<0.05* |
3.87 |
1.23–12.23 |
<0.05* |
3.945 |
1.25–12.49 |
|
Invasive ventilation |
74 |
<0.001* |
2.79 |
1.89–4.1 |
<0.001* |
3.208 |
2.15–4.79 |
|
Lopinavir/Ritonavir |
1 |
0.616 |
0.05 |
0.01–6488.77 |
0.962 |
0.001 |
0.01–6.44E+175 |
|
Non-invasive ventilation (BiPAP/CPAP) |
243 |
<0.001* |
1.96 |
1.38–2.8 |
<0.001* |
1.872 |
1.32–2.67 |
|
Plasmapheresis |
96 |
0.317 |
1.25 |
0.82–1.91 |
0.234 |
1.294 |
0.85–1.98 |
|
Supportive treatment |
617 |
<0.001* |
3.89 |
2.22–6.81 |
<0.001* |
3.507 |
2.01–6.14 |
|
Symptomatic treatment |
1056 |
<0.05* |
0.6 |
0.36–0.98 |
0.058 |
0.613 |
0.37–1.02 |
|
Systemic steroids |
430 |
0.238 |
0.8 |
0.55–1.17 |
<0.05* |
0.657 |
0.45–0.97 |