Table 1.
Summary of study characteristics and outcomes measured.
| Author (year) | Patient population | Mean age | Men | Women | Number of participants in the control and intervention groups | Study design | Outcomes measured and parameters used | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depression average score (baseline) | Cognition | Postconcussion syndrome | |||||||
|
Stilling (2020) |
Mild TBI with PTH and PPCS | 36 | 2 | 18 |
Sham rTMS N = 10 Real rTMS N = 10 |
Double-blinded RCT |
PHQ-9 11.9 |
– | RPQ-3, RPQ-13 |
|
Moussavi (2019) |
*TBI with PPCS | 45.9 | 2 | 6 |
Sham rTMS N = 4 Real rTMS N = 4 |
Double-blinded RCT |
MADRS 19.65 |
– | RPQ-3, RPQ-13 |
|
Rao (2019) |
TBI with depression | 40.0 | 16 | 14 |
Sham rTMS N = 17 Real rTMS N = 13 |
Double-blinded RCT |
HAMD 23.5 |
TMT-A, TMT-B, BVMT, SCWT | RPQ-13 |
|
Hoy (2019) |
TBI with moderate to severe depression | 46.3 | 10 | 11 |
Sham rTMS N = 10 Real rTMS N = 11 |
Double-blinded RCT |
MADRS 34.0 |
TMT-A, TMT-B, BVMT, SCWT | - |
|
Siddiqi (2019) |
Moderate TBI with treatment-resistant depression | 45.8 | 11 | 4 |
Sham rTMS N = 6 Real rTMS N = 9 |
Double-blinded RCT |
MADRS 32.2 |
– | – |
|
Lee (2018) |
TBI with mild to moderate depression | 41.9 | 9 | 4 |
NDT + Sham rTMS N = 6 NDT + Real rTMS N = 7 |
Single-blinded RCT |
MADRS 23.8 |
TMT, SCWT | – |
|
Leung (2018) |
Mild TBI with PTH | 34.1 | 23 | 6 |
Sham rTMS N = 15 Real rTMS N = 14 |
Double-blinded RCT |
HAMD 23.9 |
– | – |
TBI traumatic brain injury, PTH posttraumatic headache, PPCS persistent postconcussion syndrome, NDT neurodevelopmental therapy, rTMS repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, RPQ Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptom Questionnaire, MADRS Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale, HAMD Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire 9, TMT Trail Making Test, BVMT Brief Visuospatial Memory Test, SCWT Stroop Color Word Test, RCT randomized controlled trial.
*Only people having severe postconcussion syndrome (SPCS) were included according to inclusion criteria.