Fig. 2. PF11 ameliorated STZ-induced cognitive decline.

a Chemical structure of PF11 (C₄₂H₇₂O₁₄, molecular weight = 801.02). b Self-care activity was evaluated in the nest building test. c Working memory was assessed in the Y-maze test. d–h The spatial memory of the mice was tested in the Morris water maze test. d Distance (distance traveled to find the platform), e escape latency (time to find the platform), f swimming velocity, g number of platform crossings during the probe test, and h representative swimming paths in the probe test. The data are reported as the mean ± SEM (n = 8–10). ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, and ^***P < 0.001 vs. the sham group; ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, and ^###P < 0.001 vs. the STZ group.