Table 4.

Energy storage performance of transition metal carbides

Sample	Prepare method	Structure	Application	Charge density	Performance	Retention rate	Refs
Ti3C2Tx	Chemical exfoliation	Nanosheets	Na-ion battery	0.5 C	103 mAh g−1	85.8% after 500 cycles	[181]
Titanium carbide	Chemical exfoliation	Nanorods	Li-ion battery	1 C	843 mAh g−1	98.78% after 250 cycles	[182]
Porous- Ti3C2Tx	Chemical exfoliation	Nanosheets	Li-ion battery	0.1 C	1250 mAh g−1	N/A	[183]
V2CTx	Chemical exfoliation	Few-layer nanosheets	Al-ion battery	0.5 C	76 mAh g−1	96.6% after 100 cycles	[173]
Nb4C3Tx	Chemical exfoliation	Layered structure	Li-ion battery	5 C	380 mAh g−1	84.2% after 1000 cycles	[184]
Co3ZnC	TPR	Microspheres	Li-ion battery	0.5 C	908 mAh g−1	67.0% after 300 cycles	[185]
TiO2/ Ti3C2Tx	Self-assembly	2D heterostructures	Li-ion battery	0.25 C	277 mAh g−1	75.5% after 200 cycles	[186]
Nb2O5@Nb4C3Tx	Chemical exfoliation	Layered architecture	Li-ion battery	0.25 C	208 mAh g−1	94% after 400 cycles	[187]
Fe3C@N–C	Calcinate	Frogspawn-like architecture	Li–S battery	0.5 C	586 mAh g−1	99.92% after 400 cycles	[188]
W2C NPs-CNFs	TPR	Nanoparticles	Li–S battery	1 C	605 mAh g−1	99.4% after 500 cycles	[189]
TiC	Biotemplate method	Nanoflakes	Supercapacitor	5 mV s−1	276.1 F g−1	94% after 1000 cycles	[190]
Ti3C2Tx	Directly annealing	Nanosheets	Supercapacitor	0.5 A g−1	442 F g−1	95.4% after 5000 cycles	[191]
TaC/C	Laser ablation	Nanospheres	Supercapacitor	1 A g−1	223 F g−1	94% after 5000 cycles	[192]
MoS2/Ti3C2	Hydrothermal synthesis	2D heterostructures	Supercapacitor	1 A g−1	386.7 F g−1	91.1% after 20,000 cycles	[193]
MnO2-Mo2C NFs	Electrospinning	Nanoflakes	Supercapacitor	0.1 A g−1	430 F g−1	96.1% after 3000 cycles	[194]