TDM is an effective matrix for dentin regeneration. (A)The mandibles of 2-day-old rats were cultured in the presence of DMSO or TDM for 0 day and 10 days. (B)H&E staining showed the new dentin was visible in the mandible cultured with TDM, much thicker than that of the control group (the arrow). (C)Histological analysis showed that restorative dentin formed in both groups. However, in the CH group, a portion of necrotic pulp tissue was observed between the restorative dentin and the primary dentin (the arrow). (D) In addition, immunohistochemistrycal staining showed decreased expression of GSK3β in newborn dentin (the arrow in D b, versus compared to D a).