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. 2021 Aug 16;16:5603–5619. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S321387

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© 2021 Shi et al.

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Osteogenesis-related biomarker expression. (A–D) Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of MSCs’ ALP, RUNX2, OCN, and OPN gene expression when cultured with GelMA, GelMA-HAP, GelMA-SN, and GelMA-HAP-SN hydrogel on days 7 and 14. (E) Immunofluorescence staining of ALP (green), RUNX2 (red), OCN (green), and OPN (red) with DAPI-labeled nuclei (blue) and phalloidin-labeled actin (opposite to the proteins); (F–I) Quantification analysis of the immunofluorescence staining results indicating ALP, RUNX2, OCN, and OPN protein expression. *P < 0.05 indicates statistical difference.