. 2021 Aug 11;78:105714. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105714

Table 1.

The relaxation time (T₂₁, T₂₂ and T₂₃) and relative peak area (A₂₁, A₂₂ and A₂₃) of strawberry samples pretreated before and after drying.

Mode		T₂ (ms)			Area of T₂ (%)
Mode		T₂₁	T₂₂	T₂₃	A₂₁	A₂₂	A₂₃
Pretreatment	Control	0.43 ± 0.05^c	265.61 ± 5.01^a	1072.27 ± 3.35^b	2.19 ± 0.10^a	39.26 ± 0.20^d	58.55 ± 0.51^a
	SM-20	1.75 ± 0.09^b	256.23 ± 4.20^b	925.26 ± 5.02^e	0.91 ± 0.07^b	48.78 ± 0.21^b	50.31 ± 0.32^c
	SM-40	10.11 ± 0.10^a	231.01 ± 4.51^c	936.60 ± 3.71^d	0.72 ± 0.08^c	58.90 ± 0.15^a	40.38 ± 0.15^e
	SeDM	—	200.92 ± 4.24^d	1232.85 ± 6.02^a	—	57.79 ± 1.65^a	42.21 ± 0.25^d
	SiDM	—	206.02 ± 3.62^d	1065.07 ± 7.65^c	—	46.71 ± 0.22^c	53.29 ± 0.51^b

Vacuum freeze drying	Control	0.43 ± 0.05^a	7.06 ± 0.13^a	75.65 ± 0.15^a	29.33 ± 0.15^c	39.62 ± 0.14^b	31.05 ± 0.50^a
	SM-20	0.22 ± 0.02^bc	6.14 ± 0.15^c	68.27 ± 0.21^c	32.24 ± 1.07^b	40.08 ± 0.45^b	27.68 ± 0.33^c
	SM-40	0.38 ± 0.08^a	6.77 ± 0.20^b	70.83 ± 0.12^b	30.70 ± 0.25^bc	39.83 ± 0.18^b	29.47 ± 0.18^b
	SeDM	0.14 ± 0.04^c	4.64 ± 0.15^d	49.77 ± 0.15^e	42.33 ± 1.12^a	38.55 ± 0.31^c	19.12 ± 0.14^d
	SiDM	0.25 ± 0.05^b	4.82 ± 0.21^d	65.79 ± 0.12^d	24.33 ± 0.70^d	48.17 ± 0.20^a	27.50 ± 0.29^c

Note: Values are means ± SD, n ≥ 3. Different letters in the same column mean significant difference at p < 0.05. T₂₃ refers to the the free water’s transverse relaxation time; T₂₁ and T₂₂ refer to the transverse relaxation time of the bound water and the immobilized water, respectively. A₂₁ represents the corresponding water fraction to T₂₁, A₂₂ represents the corresponding water fraction to T₂₂, and A₂₃ represents the corresponding water fraction to T₂₃. Control: no-ultrasound; SM-20: single-frequency mode of 20 kHz; SM-40: single-frequency mode of 40 kHz; SeDM: sequential dual-frequency mode of 20/40 kHz; SiDM: simultaneous dual-frequency mode of 20 and 40 kHz.