miR-9-5p modulation in primary neurons changes dendritic morphology and spine density. (A–B) Representative reconstruction using plug-in Fiji of the dendritic tree and spines of primary hippocampal neurons transfected with Twl-GFP/RFP and Twl-sponge-miR-9-5p, respectively. Scale bar 50 μm. Morphological analysis of primary hippocampal neurons after 72 h of miR-9-5p downregulation: (C) total dendritic length; n = 15, (D) total number of branches; n = 15, (E) dendritic spine density; n = 20. Unpaired Student's t-test with Welch's correction: *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001 vs Twl-GFP/RFP. (F–G) Representative reconstruction using plug-in Fiji of the dendritic tree and spines of primary hippocampal neurons transfected with Twl-H1 and Twl-H1-miR-9-5p, respectively. Scale bar 50 μm. Morphological analysis of primary hippocampal neurons after 72 h of miR-9-5p overexpression: (H) total dendritic length; n = 30, (I) total number of branches; n = 30, (J) dendritic spine density; n = 40. Unpaired Student's t-test with Welch's correction: *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001 vs Twl-H1. Dendritic length, number of branches and spine density were measured using ImageJ or the plug-in Fiji.