Expression of markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and proteins involving the regulation of Pgc1α in LV tissue of WT and KO littermates at 4 and 10 weeks. (A) Quantitation of mtDNA copies of ND1 versus the single copy nuclear DNA β2m gene. (B) Representative immunoblots and densitometry showing total protein expression of the mitochondrial biogenesis markers: Pgc1α, Nrf1, Tfam. (C) Representative immunoblots and densitometry showing total protein expression of the Pgc1α regulators: pAmpk, Ampk, Paris, pGsk3β, Gsk3β, and Sirt1. (D) Representative immunoblots and densitometry showing immunoprecipitation of Pgc1α with detection of acetyl-lysine and Pgc1α levels in the immunoprecipitate, and Pgc1α level in the input. (E) RT-qPCR analysis of Nrf1 and Tfam mRNA expression. Data are mean ± SEM (n = 4–6 mice/genotype/age). Unpaired two-tailed Student's t-tests were used. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001 versus WT of respective age. a.u., arbitrary unit. n.s., not significant.