Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of survey respondents.
| Characteristics | Farmers Market (n = 794) | Grocery Store (n = 727) | Total Sample (N = 1521) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (n (%)) | |||
| 44 years and younger | 392 (49.4%) | 401 (55.2%) | 793 (52.1%) |
| 45 years and older | 369 (46.5%) | 238 (32.7%) | 607 (40.0%) |
| Gender (n (%)) | |||
| Male | 178 (22.4%) | 183 (25.2%) | 361 (23.7%) |
| Female | 591 (74.4% | 520 (71.5%) | 1111 (73.0%) |
| Other | 5 (0.6%) | 2 (0.3%) | 7 (0.5%) |
| Race (n (%)) | |||
| White | 487 (61.3%) | 214 (29.4%) | 701 (46.1%) |
| Black | 215 (27.1%) | 415 (57.1%) | 630 (41.4%) |
| Other | 80 (10.1%) | 68 (9.4%) | 148 (9.7%) |
| Ethnicity (n (%)) | |||
| Hispanic | 42 (5.3%) | 77 (10.6%) | 119 (7.8%) |
| Non-Hispanic | 739 (93.1%) | 627 (86.2%) | 1366 (89.8%) |
| Perceived health statusa (n (%)) | |||
| Poor | 31 (3.9%) | 28 (3.9%) | 59 (3.9%) |
| Fair | 171 (21.5%) | 181 (24.9%) | 352 (23.2%) |
| Good | 328 (41.3%) | 272 (37.4%) | 600 (39.4%) |
| Very good | 163 (20.5%) | 147 (20.2%) | 310 (20.4%) |
| Excellent | 98 (12.3%) | 90 (12.4%) | 188 (12.4%) |
| Food security statusb (n (%)) | |||
| Food secure | 377 (47.5%) | 304 (41.8%) | 681 (44.8%) |
| Food insecure | 417 (52.3%) | 423 (58.2%) | 840 (55.2%) |
| Children in household (n (%)) | |||
| Yes | 390 (49.1%) | 439 (60.4%) | 829 (54.5%) |
| No | 391 (49.2%) | 259 (35.6%) | 650 (42.7%) |
| Shopping with childrenc (n (%)) | |||
| Yes | 330 (41.6%) | 308 (42.4%) | 638 (41.9%) |
| No | 60 (7.6%) | 129 (17.7%) | 189 (12.4%) |
| Length of time in DUFB (n (%)) | |||
| 6 months or less | 355 (44.7%) | 485 (66.7%) | 840 (55.2%) |
| 7 months or more |
437 (55.0%) |
239 (32.9%) |
676 (44.4%) |
| Length of time in SNAP ((n (%)) | |||
| Less than 1 year | 205 (25.8%) | 244 (33.6%) | 449 (29.5%) |
| 1 year or greater | 577 (72.7%) | 477 (65.6%) | 1054 (69.3%) |
| Site is normal locationd (n (%)) | |||
| Yes | 668 (84.1%) | 593 (81.6%) | 1261 (82.9%) |
| No | 48 (6.1%) | 99 (13.6%) | 147 (9.7%) |
| I do not normally shop at this site type | 75 (9.4%) | 29 (4.0%) | 104 (6.8%) |
| Motivation to shope (n (%)) | |||
| Yes | 465 (58.6%) | 520 (71.5%) | 985 (64.8%) |
| No | 328 (41.3%) | 206 (28.3%) | 534 (35.1%) |
| Ease of identifying eligible FVs (n (%)) | |||
| Easy | 655 (82.5%) | 512 (70.4%) | 1167 (76.7%) |
| Not Easy | 138 (17.4%) | 209 (35.1%) | 347 (22.8%) |
| Ease of purchase using DUFB (n (%)) | |||
| Easy | 702 (88.4%) | 534 (73.5%) | 1236 (81.3%) |
| Not Easy | 91 (11.5%) | 187 (25.7%) | 278 (18.3%) |
| Fruit and vegetable purchases (n (%)) | |||
| Pre-DUFB | |||
| ≤ 2–3 times per month | 515 (64.9%) | 471 (64.8%) | 986 (64.8%) |
| ≥4–5 times per month | 275 (34.6%) | 252 (34.7%) | 527 (34.6%) |
| Post-DUFB | |||
| ≤ 2–3 times per month | 305 (38.1%) | 361 (49.7%) | 666 (43.8%) |
| ≥4–5 times per month | 487 (61.4%) | 361 (49.7%) | 848 (55.8%) |
| Cup equivalents of FVs f (mean ± SD) | 2.991 ± 1.379 | 2.726 ± 1.440 | 2.869 ± 1.413 |
Perceived health status measured with this item “Would you say that in general your health is poor, fair, good, very good, or excellent?” Response options on a 5-point Likert scale 1 = poor – 5 = excellent.
Food Security Status measured with the USDA 6-item Household Food Security Survey Module.28.
This was only asked if they answered yes to having children living in the household.
Site is normal location was assessed with this item “Is this the farmers market that you normally shop at?” Response options: yes; I do not normally shop at a farmers market/grocery store; No -- which market do you normally shop at?____.
Motivation to shop was assessed with this item “Without the Double Up Food Bucks program, I still would have shopped at the farmers market today.” Response options on a 5-point Likert scale 1 = strongly disagree – 5 = strongly agree.
Cup equivalents of FVs was assessed through a 10-item screener from the National Cancer Institute's Dietary Screener Questionnaire (DSQ) (https://epi.grants.cancer.gov/nhanes/dietscreen/questionnaires.html.