. 2021 Jul 14;7(3):859–867. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.02.005

Table 7.

Effect of l-arginine or N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) supplementation on gene expression related to energy metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis in the liver of intrauterine growth retarded suckling lambs¹.

Item	Groups²				SEM	P-value
Item	CON	IUGR	IUGR+1%Arg	IUGR+0.1%NCG	SEM	P-value
Relative mtDNA copy number	1.00^c	2.23^a	1.52^b	1.59^b	0.101	0.006
AMPKα1	1.00^b	1.89^a	1.13^b	1.09^b	0.082	0.009
AMPKα2	1.00^c	1.97^a	1.45^b	1.51^b	0.088	0.004
SIRT1	1.00^c	2.18^a	1.66^b	1.64^b	0.112	0.012
SIRT3	1.00^c	3.09^a	2.17^b	2.11^b	0.131	0.007
PGC1α	1.00^c	3.54^a	2.31^b	2.29^b	0.079	0.015
NRF1	1.00^c	3.04^a	1.99^b	2.03^b	0.062	0.021
NRF2	1.00	0.95	0.99	1.02	0.101	0.209
ESRRA	1.00	1.07	0.96	1.05	0.068	0.117
TFAM	1.00^b	1.74^a	1.09^b	1.11^b	0.059	0.022

AMPK = AMP-activated protein kinase; SIRT = silent information regulator; PGC1α = peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α; NRF = nuclear respiratory factor; ESRRA = estrogen-related receptor alpha; TFAM = transcription factor A, mitochondrial.

^a,b,c Mean values within a row with different superscript letters were significantly different (P < 0.05).

Mean values with their SEM, n = 12 in each group.

CON: the normal birth weight group given a control diet; IUGR: intrauterine growth retardation group given a control diet; IUGR+1% Arg: intrauterine growth retardation group given a 1% l-arginine-supplemented diet; IUGR+0.1%NCG: intrauterine growth retardation group given a 0.1% N-carbamylglutamate-supplemented diet.