Table 2.
Demographic characteristics of each sample
| ESP | PIAAC | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 763) | (N = 2609) | |||
| Gender* | ||||
| Male | 389 (51.0%) | 1195 (45.8%) | ||
| Female | 374 (49.0%) | 1414 (54.2%) | ||
| Age** | ||||
| 18–24 | 90 (11.8%) | 368 (14.1%) | ||
| 25–44 | 239 (31.3%) | 1060 (40.6%) | ||
| 45–64 | 274 (35.9%) | 970 (37.2%) | ||
| 65 + | 160 (21.0%) | 211 (8.1%) | ||
| Education** | ||||
| High school or less | 173 (22.7%) | 1106 (42.4%) | ||
| Some college or associate's degree | 216 (28.3%) | 508 (19.5%) | ||
| Bachelor's degree or higher | 374 (49.0%) | 995 (38.1%) | ||
| Income*** | ||||
| < $50 k | 252 (33.0%) | 984 (37.7%) | ||
| $50 k–$100 k | 259 (33.9%) | 889 (34.1%) | ||
| $100 k–$150 k | 109 (14.3%) | 411 (15.8%) | ||
| $150 k + | 143 (18.7%) | 325 (12.5%) | ||
| Race | ||||
| White | 522 (68.4%) | 1800 (69.0%) | ||
| Black | 98 (12.8%) | 319 (12.2%) | ||
| Other | 143 (18.7%) | 490 (18.8%) | ||
| Ethnicity*** | ||||
| Hispanic | 118 (15.5%) | 281 (10.8%) | ||
| Non-Hispanic | 645 (84.5%) | 2328 (89.2%) | ||
| Self-rated health*** | ||||
| Poor | 26 (3.4%) | 62 (2.4%) | ||
| Fair | 126 (16.5%) | 318 (12.2%) | ||
| Good | 275 (36.0%) | 800 (30.7%) | ||
| Very good | 234 (30.7%) | 932 (35.7%) | ||
| Excellent | 102 (13.4%) | 497 (19.0%) | ||
| Numeracy scores | ||||
| SNS-3 score category | 3–12 | 188 (24.6%) | – | – |
| 13–15 | 249 (32.6%) | – | – | |
| 16–18 | 326 (42.8%) | – | – | |
| PIAAC score category† | – | – | 0–175 | 126 (4.8%) |
| – | – | 176–225 | 448 (17.1%) | |
| – | – | 226–275 | 909 (34.8%) | |
| – | – | 276–325 | 858 (32.9%) | |
| 326–375 | 252 (9.7%) | |||
| 376–500 | 16 (0.6%) | |||
*Signifies p < 0.05; **Signifies p < 0.01; ***Signifies p < 0.001
†Based on levels defined by PIAAC [27]