Table 3.
Potential biomarkers for precision treatment with Akt inhibitors
| Biomarker | Cancer types | References |
|---|---|---|
| PTEN mutation or deficiency | Prostate cancer, breast cancer, endometrial cancer, glioblastoma, thyroid cancer, etc. | [235] |
| PIK3CA mutation | Breast cancer, ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, endometrial carcinoma, cervical adenocarcinoma, glioma, head and neck cancer, etc. | [234] |
| Akt1 E17K | Breast cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial carcinoma, meningioma, etc. | [232, 240] |
| Activating Akt1/2 indels | Breast cancer, prostate cancer, clear cell renal cancer, etc. | [239] |
| ARID1A/B mutations or deficiency | Gastric, ovarian and endometrioid carcinoma, medulloblastoma | [245–247] |
| SF3B1 mutation | Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms, melanoma, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, AML, etc. | [254, 255] |
| NPM1 mutation | AML | [257] |
| NM23-H1 | Breast cancer, melanoma, etc. | [248] |
| CBL mutation | Myeloid neoplasmas | [249] |
| BTK mutation or deficiency | Follicular lymphoma | [253] |
| GPS2 mutation | Breast cancer, medulloblastoma | [250–252] |
| CDH1 mutation or deficiency | Gastric cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, etc. | [261, 262] |
| SMAD4 mutation | Colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer | [269, 270] |
| GAB2 mutation or amplification | Hematological malignancies, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, neuroblastoma, melanoma, breast cancer | [264–268] |