Fig. 1.

Depiction of the full factorial experimental design of herbivore induction across two generations to study current and transgenerational effects of herbivory on plant defenses during ontogeny. First, an F1 generation of half-sib plants from a noninduced grandmaternal family (P) was produced. Mother plants (F1) were then either subjected to herbivory by P. rapae (H and caterpillar icon) or never exposed to herbivory (N, and icon crossed out). We then grew their progenies (F2), which were also subjected to herbivory or kept naïve to study plant responses to herbivory (inducibility, transgenerational induction, and transgenerational priming) at seedling (gray plant icons) and reproductive (black plant icons) stages.