Limitation regimes and growth regimes for the “UPF model” presented in Fig. 7A. (A) The four different limitation regimes. Different limitation regimes that share a limiting cycle belong to the same growth regime. The growth regime is colored green for , i.e., when the machines are not starved for substrates, and are colored orange when , i.e., when the machines are starved for substrate. (B) The allocation parameter as a function of the growth rate, using the two growth laws derived in Methods for the two growth regimes.