Fig. 3.

ClotChip measurements. (A) Representative ClotChip curves from five healthy volunteers. For all curves of the ClotChip readout, error bars indicate duplicate measurements. (B) Normal distribution of time-to-peak permittivity (T_peak) for the control group (mean = 428 seconds; 95% confidence interval [CI] of the mean: 401–455 seconds; n = 50). (C) ClotChip readout from five patients on rivaroxaban showed prolonged T_peak (representative curves in red) compared with the curve from a healthy volunteer (indicated in black). Error bars indicate duplicate measurements. (D) ClotChip T_peak measurements from rivaroxaban samples drawn at time of peak plasma rivaroxaban concentration (defined as T_max, n = 25) and cumulative values from all rivaroxaban samples drawn at peak and trough plasma drug levels (Riva – All, n = 49) versus control samples (n = 50). Each dot represents the mean of ClotChip measurements run in duplicate for each individual sample. Box-and-whiskers diagrams extend from each quartile to the minimum/maximum distribution. The horizontal line represents the median. *p < 0.001. (E) Representative ClotChip curves are shown for five apixaban samples drawn from patients at predicted peak plasma drug levels. Error bars indicate duplicate measurements for each sample. (F) T_peak measurements for all apixaban samples (n = 47) versus control samples (n = 50). *p < 0.001. (G) Representative ClotChip measurements, run in duplicate, from patients on therapeutic dabigatran. (H) Quantitative representation of dabigatran T_peak measurements (n = 8) versus control (n = 50). *p < 0.001.