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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Aug 21.
Published in final edited form as: Biol Psychiatry. 2021 Jun 15;89(12):1113–1115. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.03.032

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Optogenetic stimulation of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurons in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and central amygdala (CeA) recruited reward-related brain circuits and led to reinforcement (self-stimulation) and the pursuit of sucrose. By contrast, stimulation of CRF neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) engaged distress-related brain circuits and led to avoidance and a suppression of sucrose pursuit. These effects show the opposing impact different CRF neuron subpopulations have on incentive motivation. Figure created with images from BioRender.com. ChR2, channelrhodopsin-2.