Table 1.
Characteristics and outcome of the study population
| Overall population (n = 50) |
No invasive candida infection (n = 40) |
Invasive Candida infection (n = 10) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 66.4 [60.5–71.3] | 66 [57.8–70.3] | 69.5 [60.7–74.5] | 0.343 |
| Male | 34 (68) | 27 (67.5) | 7 (70) | 0.880 |
| SAPSII at admission | 50 [43–62] | 48 [42–58] | 58 [47–66] | 0.143 |
| SOFA score at admission | 10 [7–12] | 9 [7–12] | 11.5 [7–13] | 0.528 |
| Past medical history | ||||
| Diabetes | 15 (30) | 12 (30) | 3 (30) | 1.000 |
| NYHA III–IV heart insufficiency | 8 (16.3) | 8 (20.5) | 0 (0) | 0.117 |
| Chronic renal failure | 5 (10) | 4 (10) | 1 (10) | 1.000 |
| Cirrhosis | 15 (30) | 13 (32.5) | 2 (20) | 0.440 |
| COPD | 12 (24) | 11 (27.5) | 1 (10) | 0.246 |
| Cancer | 14 (28) | 7 (17.5) | 7 (70) | 0.001 |
| Site of initial bacterial infection | ||||
| Community-acquired pneumonia | 5 (10) | 5 (12.5) | 0 (0) | 0.239 |
| Health-care associated pneumonia | 6 (12) | 4 (10) | 2 (20) | 0.384 |
| Intra-abdominal infection | 17 (34) | 11 (27.5) | 6 (60) | 0.052 |
| Biliary tract infection | 5 (10) | 4 (10) | 1 (10) | 1.000 |
| Urinary tract infection | 2 (4) | 2 (5) | 0 (0) | 0.470 |
| Other infections | 9 (18) | 8 (20) | 1 (10) | 0.915 |
| Risk factors for Candida infection at inclusion | ||||
| Candida colonization | 34 (68) | 27 (67.5) | 7 (70) | 0.880 |
| Multifocal Candida colonization | 32 (64) | 24 (60) | 8 (80) | 0.239 |
| Candida score | 4 [3, 4] | 3 [3, 4] | 4 [4, 5] | 0.071 |
| Parenteral nutrition | 20 (40) | 15 (37.5) | 5 (50) | 0.470 |
| Surgery | 27 (54) | 19 (47.5) | 8 (80) | 0.065 |
| Abdominal surgery | 23 (46) | 15 (37.5) | 8 (80) | 0.016 |
| Broad-spectrum antibiotherapy | 50 (100) | 40 (100) | 10 (100) | 1 |
| Immunologicals and mycological parameters at inclusion | ||||
| Total lymphocytes | 613 [349–992] | 620 [391–1000] | 546 [289–731] | 0.434 |
| CD8+T cells | 73 [51–184] | 71 [47–167] | 124 [59–209] | 0.343 |
| CD4+T cells | 279 [134–409] | 279 [146–467] | 245 [93–373] | 0.493 |
| NK cells | 64 [29–106] | 65 [30–118] | 42 [29–66] | 0.331 |
| mHLA-DR | 9477 [3605–15513] | 9426 [3978–15668] | 12,387 [3592–13180] | 0.888 |
| Beta-d-glucan | 73 [22–145] | 76 [16–181] | 62 [34–107] | 0.872 |
| Outcome and treatments | ||||
| Antifungal therapy at inclusion | 20 (40) | 11 (27.5) | 9 (90) | < 0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation, days | 3 [1–10] | 3 [1–6.5] | 9 [2–22] | 0.067 |
| Vasopressors, days | 2.5 [2–6] | 2.5 [2–4.5] | 4 [2–8] | 0.458 |
| ICU length of stay | 7 [4–14.5] | 7 [4–14] | 9.5 [3–22] | 0.596 |
| Day in ICU before inclusion | 2 [1, 2] | 2 [1, 2] | 2 [2–2] | 0.616 |
| Death | 17 (34) | 12 (30) | 5 (50) | 0.232 |
Categorical data are expressed as number and percentage. Continuous data are expressed as median and quartiles. Comparisons were made between patients with invasive Candida infection and without invasive Candida infection
SAPS Simplified Acute Physiology Score, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, NYHA New York Heart Association, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, mHLA-DR monocytic human leucocyte antigen DR, ICU intensive care unit